Electric Bicycle

Introduction
• An electric bike at its core is a regular push bike. They just rely on extra components that work
together to allow it to operate; electric motor, battery, the sensor and the electric display. Most of the
electric bikes use pedal assist, this is where the motor is only activated when the pedals are already in
motion. This allows the rider to still get a workout, but with an added boost to make their ride easier.
• In the last few years, a new generation of electric bicycles has begun to revolutionize our idea of
environmentally friendly transportation. These new cycles have all the convenience of cars with all
the simple economy of ordinary cycles. 
Working Principle
• Motors is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. The principle of electric bikes
motor is to generate the rotating magnetic field by using the electrified coil (that is, the stator winding)
and act on the rotor squirrel-cage closed aluminum frame to form the magneto electric rotating torque.
Types
There are two main kinds of electric cycle, broadly known as full-power and power-assist, and they differ in
the way they're powered by the electric motor:
• Full-power: These bikes are designed for minimal pedaling over relatively short distances. They have
large batteries and powerful hub motors and they tend to be big, sturdy, and heavy. Bikes like this are for
people who love cycling but hate pedaling! Since you're using power all the time, the range is limited
(typically 16–30km or 10–20 miles).
• Power-assist: Also known as pedal-assist bikes, these are the bicycle equivalents of hybrid cars: they're
designed to be pedaled quite a lot of the time and electrically powered either when you're tired or when
you feel like a bit of electric help (when you're going up hill, for example). Unlike full-power bikes, they
don't have hub motors; instead, there's a separate electric motor mounted near the rear wheel and driving
it either through the gear sprocket or simply by pressing against the rear tire. Where a hub motor is
difficult or impossible to pedal without any power (because you're effectively turning it into a generator),
power-assist motors turn easily with little or no resistance when you pedal. That gives power-assist bikes
much greater range than hub-motor ones (as much as 80–145km or 50–90 miles).
Schematic Diagram/Exploded view
List of Components
There are three main components in a electric bicycle. They are as explained below.
The Motor:-
• There are different placements for an electric bike motor, each has its benefits; front hub, rear hub and
mid-drive motor.
• The main aim of the motor is to control torque. The more advanced the electric motor, the more torque it
offers. The more torque you have, the more power you can get out of the bike.
List of Components
The Battery:-
• The battery on an electric bike can be located in varying places on the bike, often dependent on frame type
and size.
• Each battery make, model and type means that they will need to charge for different times, an average
charging time is five to six hours. Charging the battery is easy, just like a mobile phone you plug it into the
wall.
 List of Components
The Sensors:-
• The sensor on an electric bike is a highly important component. There are two types of sensor used on
different e bikes; a speed sensor or torque sensor. The speed sensor immediately engages the motor once
you begin pedaling which gives you the ride assistance.
• The torque sensor is a little smarter, it responds with just a small amount of assistance to match your
speed when you're moving. It's much more responsive and helps with speed and manoeuvres.
 List of Components
Frame:-
• The frame of an electric bike also has to be slightly different. The main part of the frame (the bit that
supports your weight) is usually made from lightweight aluminum alloy: the lighter the frame, the lighter
the weight of the bike overall, and the further it can travel before you need to recharge the batteries.
• The spokes on the wheel also have to be stronger than the thin spokes on a traditional bicycle. That's
because the electric motor in the hub spins the wheel with a lot of turning force (known as torque) and, if
the spokes were ordinary lightweight ones, they could bend or buckle.
Brakes:-Some electric bikes claim to use a neat trick called regenerative braking. If you start pedaling the
bicycle or going downhill, the spinning wheels turn the electric motor in the hub in reverse and start
charging up the batteries.
Environment Friendly
• The electric bikes are far better for the environment than petrol-powered car engines. But that doesn't
mean they're completely perfect. Making and disposing of batteries can be very polluting.
• An electric bicycle is still using energy that has to come from somewhere. It is not the absolute clean
green power we use, but the electricity you use for getting about might have come from a filthy old,
coal-fired power plant or one driven by nuclear energy. (It might have come from solar panels or a wind
turbine!)
• Electric bikes are nowhere near as environmentally friendly as ordinary push bikes. E But compared to
cars and other automobiles ,electric bikes are certainly a step in the right direction.
• If everyone used them to get about instead of cars, global warming might be less of a problem, and the
world would be a far cleaner and healthier place!
Thank you

“The perfect is the enemy of the good."