BRACT’s

Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology

Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences

ET10203A: Basic Electrical Engineering

A project on

SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR
Academic Year: 2020-21 Semester: II
Batch:K1
● Submitted for fulfilment of Project Based Learning by :

ROLL PRN NO NAME OF CONTACT

NO STUDENTS NO
11014 22010246 Ajinkya Gholve 9975750335
11016 22010278 Vipul Chaure 9588649192
11018 22010310 Swapnil Shinde 9588442766
11023 22010390 Aditya Bhatkar 8459604940

11014_Ajinkya
 CONTENTS 11014_Ajinkya

Introduction

Torque In Synchronous Motor

Working of Synchronous Motor

Construction of Synchronous Motor Advantages of Synchronous Motor

Principle of Operation Synchronous Motor Disadvantages of Synchronous Motor

Types of Synchronous Motor Conclusions

Power Output of The Motor References

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INTRODUCTION

 Electrical motors are an electro-mechanical

machine converting electrical energy to
mechanical energy.

 Electrical Motors have been classified into

single-phase and three-phase motors based on
the type of input. The most common types of
three-phase motors are synchronous motors
and induction motors.

 If an electromagnet is present in this rotating

magnetic field, the electromagnet is
magnetically locked with this rotating
magnetic field and rotates at the same speed as
the rotating field.
CREADITS :
https://www.linquip.com/blog/constr
uction-of-synchronous-motor/
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WORKING OF SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

 The operation of a synchronous motors is

that the rotor follows the rotating
magnetic field of a stator and rotates at a
speed approaching it.

 The rotor winding is excited by a DC

source and the stator winding is excited
by AC source.

 Due to 3 phase AC, a 3 phase rotating

magnetic field is produced by stator
winding.

 Once the rotor starts moving at the

synchronous speed, the external source is
shut off. The magnetic field of a rotor is
not produced by the magnetic field of the
rotor but through induction.
CREADITS :
https://electricallive.com/2015/03/applicati
ons-of-three-phase-synchronous.html
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CONSTRUCTION OF SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

 A synchronous motor is generally made

up of two parts, a stator the stationary
part of the machine that carries the
armature winding in which the voltage is
generated, and a rotor the rotating part of
the machine that produces the main field
flux.

 The synchronous motor uses the salient

pole rotor. The word salient means the
poles of the rotor projected towards the
armature windings.

 The rotor of the synchronous motor is

made with the laminations of the steel.
The laminations reduce the eddy current CREADITS :
loss that occurs on the winding of the https://www.theengineeringkno
transformer. wledge.com/introduction-to-
synchronous-motor/
 
 MODEL DIAGRAM OF SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR 11023_Aditya

V = Terminal voltage
Re = Effective resistance
XL = Leakage reactance
Xa = Fictious reactance
Xs = Synchronous reactance
E = Counter emf

In case of a synchronous motor,

revolving field structure is to be
energized by direct current (DC current).
In stator winding two effects are to be
considered the effect of field cutting
stator conductors at synchronous speed
and the effect of stator revolving field. A
voltage induced in the stator winding CREADITS:
due to the rotating magnetic field. https://www.electrical4u.com/model-
diagram-of-synchronous-motor/
 TYPES OF SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR 11023_Aditya

 Synchronous motors can be classified into two types based on how the rotor is magnetized.
1) Non-Excited Synchronous Motor :-
In this type, the rotor is made of high-retentively steel such as cobalt steel. At synchronous
speed, it rotates with the rotating magnetic field of the stator, so it has an almost-constant magnetic
field through it. This type of synchronous motor is divided into three categories and is available in
three designs, each of which has unique features:
1. Hysteresis Synchronous Motors
2. Reluctance Synchronous Motors
3. Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors
 

CREADITS: https://www.theengineeringknowledge.com/permanent-magnet-synchronous-
motor/
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A) Hysteresis Synchronous Motors:
Hysteresis motors are single-phase motors
with a rotor made of ferromagnetic material. The rotors
have high hysteresis loss property.
B) Reluctance Synchronous Motors :
The 2nd design of Non-Excited Synchronous
Motors is Reluctance which is always minimum when a
piece of iron rotates to complete a magnetic flux path. CREADITS:
C) Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors: https://www.brainkart.com/article/Const
A permanent Magnet Motor uses permanent ruction-of-Synchronous-Reluctance-
magnets in the steel rotor to create a constant magnetic Motor_11733/
flux. The rotor locks in when the speed is near
synchronous speed.
 
2) Direct Current (DC) Excited Synchronous Motor:
DC Excited Synchronous Motor requires a DC
supply for the rotor to generate a magnetic field. It has
both stator-winding as well as rotorwinding. The direct
current can be supplied from a separate DC source or a
DC generator connected to the motor shaft.
 
 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR 11018_Swapnil

 Synchronous motors are a doubly excited

machine, i.e., two electrical inputs are provided to
it. Its stator winding which consists of a We
provide three-phase supply to three-phase stator
winding, and DC to the rotor winding.

 The 3 phase stator winding carrying 3 phase

currents produces 3 phase rotating magnetic flux.
The rotor carrying DC supply also produces a
constant flux. Considering the 50 Hz power
frequency, from the above relation we can see that
the 3 phase rotating flux rotates about 3000
revolutions in 1 min or 50 revolutions in 1 sec.

 At a particular instant rotor and stator poles

might be of the same polarity (N-N or S-S)
causing a repulsive force on the rotor and the very
next instant it will be N-S causing attractive force.
CREADITS:
https://circuitglobe.com/wp-content/u
ploads/2016/01/working-principle-of-
synchronous-motor.jpg
 POWER OUTPUT OF THE MOTOR 11018_Swapnil

To obtain the power output we subtract the iron, friction, and excitation losses from the power
developed.
 
Therefore, Net output power, Pout = Pm - iron, friction, and excitation losses.
 
The above two stages can be shown diagrammatically called as Power Flow Diagram of a
Synchronous Motor

CREADITS: https://www.electricaldeck.com/2020/04/power-flow-diagram-of-
synchronous-motor.html
 TORQUE IN SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR 11018_Swapnil

Starting torque
 It is torque developed by the synchronous motor when name plate voltage is applied to its armature
winding. It is also called as breakdown torque.
 It may as low as 10% in the case of centrifugal pump.

Running torque
 It is torque developed by the synchronous motor under running condition. It is determined by horse
power and speed of the motor.
P = Tω

Pull in torque
 A synchronous motor is started as induction motor during starting condition and its speed below 2
to 5% of the synchronous speed.
 When the excitation ( or DC supply ) to the field winding is applied, the motor pull into
synchronism resulting stator and rotor magnetic field rotates at same speed.
 The amount of torque requires for synchronous motor to pull into synchronism is called as pull in
torque.

Pull out torque

 It is maximum torque which the synchronous motor can develop without pulling out of step.
 When the synchronous motor is loaded, the rotor falls back by some angle a is called as load angle.
 The stator and rotor magnetic rotates at synchronous speed in spite of some load is applied on the
rotor.
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ADVANTAGES OF DISADVANTAGES OF
SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR
The advantage of using synchronous Synchronous motors require dc
motor is the ability to control the excitation which is supplied from
power factor external sources.

Speed remains constant irrespective These motors are not self-starting

of the loads in synchronous motors. motors and need some external
arrangement for its starting and
synchronizing.

Synchronous motors are built with The cost per kW output is

wider air gaps than induction commonly higher than that of
motors which make them induction motors.
mechanically more stable.

Electro-magnetic power varies Unless the incoming supply

linearly with the voltage in frequency is adjusted, there is no
synchronous motors possible way to adjust the speed.
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CONCLUSIONS

 One can get the idea of basic machine parameters associated with
synchronous machine for building models.

 After understanding the machine parameters the models used in

matlab are built.

 This can help in choosing the right model for analysis the
performance of the synchronous machine.

 It will be very useful for those working in power stations.

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FUTURE SCOPE

Research is a continuous process. An end of a

research project is beginning toa lot of other
avenues for future work. Following aspects are
identified for future research work in this area—

The industrial loads considered in the present work

are varying continuously with respect to time.
Hence the design of efficiency optimization
controllers with less convergence time will be
useful to operate such drives with good dynamic
performances. Further work can be focused to
minimize convergence time in hybrid optimal
energy controller
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REFRENCES

1) Electrical Technology vol.2 (AC &DC Machines) by B.L.Theraja

2) Electrical Machinery by Dr. P.S. Bimbhra
3) https://electricalfundablog.com/synchronous-motor/
4)
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319598168_Analysis_of_the_Synchronous_Machine_in_its_Operat
ional_Modes_Motor_Generator_and_Compensato
5)
https://www.electricalengineeringinfo.com/2016/12/construction-working-principle-synchronous-motor-appli
cations.html
6) https://www.electrical4u.com/synchronous-motor-working-principle/

7) https://www.linquip.com/blog/types-of-synchronous-motors/
8) https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronous_motor
9) https://petrowiki.spe.org/Synchronous_motor
10) https://favreadblogs.blogspot.com/2016/11/synchronous-motor-power-flow-within.html?m=1
11)
https://www.yourelectricalguide.com/2017/11/features-advantages-disadvantages-applications-synch
ronous-motor.html
12)
https://startlight.wixsite.com/generatortech/single-post/2019/06/01/what-is-synchronous-motor-and-
its-advantages-and-disadvantages
13) https://youtu.be/Vk2jDXxZIhs
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THANK
YOU