By:-

Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

• Pneumatics is a type of
power Transmission that
uses compressed air to create
movements.
• Hydraulics uses some
specially arranged oils,
instead of air.
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Pneumatics means the use of

compressed air (at about 2.5 bar to 4
bar in LABS and 6bar to 8bar in
industry) in industrial control circuits .

It is used in physical application such as

dentists drills, automatic doors, brakes
on lorries and hammer drills used at
roadwork.
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Dentist drills

Roadwork drills In projects

 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Never use finger to detect if

compressed air is present
or not
Keep compressed air away
from eyes, nose, mouth etc.
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Always work at a sensible air pressure

of 2.5 bar to maximum 4 bar in testing
and laboratories purpose.

Industrial load can be done with 10

bar or more even for hydraulics 200
bar is required for industry.
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Compressor
Energy Transformation
Solenoid Valve
Energy Control

Order of Air Flow

Storage Reservoir
Energy Storage Pneumatic Cylinder
or Linear Actuator
Control Valve Energy Transformation
Energy Flow

Regulator
Energy Control
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Symbol

Symbol

Symbol

Symbol

Symbol
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

• Pneumatic systems usually contain :

• A Compressor
• Storage tanks
• Valves
• Regulators
• Actuators
• Connectors and tubes
By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Pneumatic systems is consisting of a source of

compressed air which is controlled by valves and
feeded to cylinders to give out puts.

The compressed air is obtained from a

COMPRESSOR.

Air is flown through pipes and connectors to

VALVES which control the flow of compressed air.
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

• The air is passed to Cylinder by help of

pipes, connectors and directional control
valves from compressor.
• Finally, the used compressed air is released
to the atmosphere as EXHAUST.
• During the above process the compressed
air may pass through Filters to clean
moisture.
• It may also pass through Regulators and
Regulating Valves to control the amount of
pressure.
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

THE MAIN
COMPONENT OF
PNEUMATICS IS
DIFFERENT TYPE OF
CYLINDERS
AND
CONTROL VALVES.
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Cylinders are the out puts from which physical

works can be taken out.
The air enters the cylinder and pushes the
piston from one end to the other end inside the
cylinder.
There are two main types of cylinder :–
Single Acting
and
Double Acting.
A single acting cylinder has only one air
connection, but a double acting has two.
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Single Acting Cylinder

Double Acting Cylinder

 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

In a single acting
cylinder, the piston
comes out by the air
pressure.
When the air supply
is removed the
piston moves back
by the force of a
spring.
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

The double acting cylinder has two air

connections.
When air is applied to one connector, the other
connector is allowed to exhaust the air to
atmosphere.
When air is applied to the second connector, first
connector allows the air to exhaust to
atmosphere the piston is driven back.
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Double Acting Cylinder Symbol

Single Acting Cylinder Symbol

 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

SHOW OF CYLINDER IN ACTION

 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

SINGLE ACTING
CYLINDER

DOUBLE ACTING
CYLINDER
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Air Flow
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Cylinder

Spring
Air

Air In
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Air
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Air
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Air
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Air
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Air
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Air
Spring return

Air Out
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Air
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Air
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Air
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Air
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

DOUBLE ACTING CYLINDER

IN ACTION
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Air
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Air
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Air
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Air
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Air
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Air
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Air
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Air
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Air
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Air
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

PNEUMATIC
VALVES
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Valves control the air flow in a

pneumatic system.

It also controls the flow of

Exhaust air to the
atmosphere.

It can Start and Stop a

pneumatic Signal.
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Depending on design these can be

divided to following categories:-
1) Directional Control Valve.
(DC Valve).
2) Flow Control Valve.
3) Shuttle Valve (OR).
4) Dual Pressure Valve (AND).
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

A Valve will be Recognized by

its :
1) Number of Ports.
2) Number of Positions.
3) Method of Actuations.
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

• PORTS ARE THE

TERMINALS PRESENT
ON THE VALVE BODY
THROUGH WHICH
AIR CAN BE IN AND
OUT.
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

In a Valve there will be four types

of port :-
1) Supply Port
2) Out put Port.
3) Exhaust Port.
4) Pilot Port (Set and Reset).
Note:-Ports will be recognized by a standard
number or a standard letter.
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

• As per ISO 1219 • As per ISO 5599

• Supply Port:- P • Supply Port :-1
• Exhaust Ports:- R & S • Exhaust Ports:- 3 & 5
• Out put Ports:- A & B • Out put Ports:- 2 & 4
• Pilot Port [Set ]:- Z • Pilot Port [Set]:- 14
• Pilot Port [Reset]:- Y
• Pilot Port [Reset]:- 12
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

 Supply (OR)

 Flow (OR)

(OR)
 Exhaust

 Block Port
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

• A POSITION CAN
REPRESENT THE STATE
OF THE VALVE,WHETHER
THE VALVE IS IN ON
STATE OR OFF STATE,
means ON POSITION OR
OFF POSITION.
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Each Valve Switching Position is

represented by a Square.

The Number of Squares

Corresponds to the Number of
Switching Position (ON/OFF).

Lines Indicate the Flow Path,

Arrows shows the Direction of
Flow
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Shut-off (Air Block) positions

are identified in the boxes by
lines drawn at right angles.

The Connection (In let and

Out let ports) are shown by
lines on the outside of the Box.
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

2 2

1 1 3 3
2
4 2 4 2

1 3 5 3 3
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

•ACTUATION
MEANS HOW TO
MAKE THE
VALVE ON OR
OFF.
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

A Valve can be made ON or OFF by following

methods.

Push - Roller Plunger Pilot

button operated pressure

Pedal Lever Solenoid Spring

operated operated return
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Mainly two types of DC Valve

will be used here:-
3/2 Valve.
5/2 Valve.
Then What is 3 and 5?
And
What is 2?
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

If a Valve is written as X/Y

‘X’ Represents the number of
Ports.
And
‘Y’ Represents the number of
Positions.
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

AIR PRESSURE TO
The 3/2 valve is used to control CYLINDER

single acting cylinders which have PRESSURE OR

MECHANICAL
a single input. FORCE
The input to the cylinder is
connected to port 2, the air supply
to port 1 and port 3 is allowed to
exhaust to atmosphere.
The number 3 signifies that the
valve has three ports, while the AIR PRESSURE SOURCE

number 2 signifies that the valve

has two Positions.

PRESSURE OR
MECHANICAL
FORCE
EXHAUST AIR RETURN
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

FROM CYLINDER
TO CYLINDER
The 5/2 valve is used to control
double acting cylinders which
have two inputs. ACTUATION

The inputs to the cylinder are

connected to ports 2 and 4, the air
supply to port 1.
Ports 3 and 5 are allowed to TO EXHAUST AIR SOURCE
exhaust to atmosphere.
The number 5 signifies that the TO CYLINDER FROM CYLINDER

valve has five ports, while the

ACTUATION
number 2 signifies that the valve
has two positions.
4 2

AIR SOURCE TO EXHAUST

5
1 3
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

3 Port DC Valve 5 Port DC valve

2 4 2

5
1 3
3

Flow control Shuttle valve Dual pressure valve

valve
By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .
By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Connecting a Flow
Control Valve at the out
put port of a DC Valve in
the pneumatic circuit,
the cylinder moment Flow control
valve
can be made slow.

So a flow control valve

is used to make faster
or slower of the piston.
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

A shuttle valve enables a

‘Or’ circuit within a
Shuttle
pneumatics. valve

The valve enables an

output when any of its
two input or both of its
two input is supplied with
air pressure.
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

A Dual Pressure valve

enables a ‘AND’
circuit to be used
within in pneumatics.
The valve enables its out
put when both of its input
gets a pneumatic pressure.
If any input is not getting
the air pressure out put
will be disable.
By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

ASSIGNMENTS
ON
PNEUMATICS
By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .
By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .
By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

• In a Pneumatic Control, pneumatic components

are used, that is various types of
Cylinders,Valves,Filters, Air barriers etc.
• In an Electro-Pneumatic Control, with
pneumatic components some electrical
components such as Push Buttons, Proximity
Switches, Relays,Solenoids or PLC are used .
• In pneumatic both the control circuit and power
circuit have pneumatic power section.
• In an Electro-Pneumatic the control circuit is in
electric power and the power circuit is in
pneumatic power.
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

• Replaces tubing to Electrical

wirings.
• Sensor and Solenoids can be
included.
• Controller such as PLC can
be included.
• Even Micro Controllers can
be implemented.
 By:-

Switching contacts and type of

Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

actuation
Normally-open Normally-closed Changeover Mechanically
contacts contacts contacts connected
switch

Limit switch with

Push-button with Rotary switch with
normally open or
normally open normally open
normally closed
contacts manually contacts manually
contacts, mechanically
actuated by pushing actuated by turning
actuated
 By:-

Switching Symbols for Solenoid Coils and Relay

Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Electro-magnetically Electro-magnetically Solenoid valve

actuated on both actuated on one side,
sides with spring return

Electro-magnetically Contactor or relay with Relay

actuated, 3 normally open contacts
with pilot control and 1 normally closed
contact
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

ELECTRICAL
SENSORS
USED IN
PNEUMATICS.
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Physical Sensors

Optical

Capacitive

Inductive
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Sensor:
It is a converter, which convert a physical variable like
distance, pressure, temperature etc… into an easily
evaluatable variable preferably on electrical signal.
Types:

1. Capacitative Sensor
2. Inductive Sensor
3. Optical Sensor
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

1. Capacitative Sensor: Red 24 V

Symbol. Black (Output)

Blue 0 V
It works on the principle that if an obstacle comes in to the
active field of the sensor, the electrostatic field developed by
the sensor is excited. This in turn results in an electrical
output.
It can be used to sense all objects (Metal & Non Metal).
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

2. Inductive Sensor: Red 24 V

Symbol Black (Output)

Blue 0 V
It works on the principle that if an obstacle comes in to the
active field of the sensor, the electromagnetic field
developed by the sensor is dampened. This in turn results in
an electrical output.
It is sensing metal and large surface objects.
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

3. Optical Sensor: Red 24 V

Symbol Black (Output)

Blue 0 V
Infra red rays are emitted. Which gets reflected back on the
collector, on synchronization voltage is triggered which is
amplified and applied to the load.
It is used for large distance and sensing.
 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

ASSIGNMENTS
ON
ELECTRO
PNEUMATICS
 By:-

The Electro-Pneumatic Line Diagram

Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

PNEUMATIC
POWER CIRCUIT ELECTRICAL CONTROL CIRCUIT
 The Electro-Pneumatic Line Diagram Using
By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

Sensor.

POWER CIRCUIT ELECTRICAL CONTROL CIRCUIT

 By:-
Er. S .K .PATI.
CTTC , BBSR .

CTTC BHUBANESWAR WISHES YOU BEST OF LUCK