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ACTIVITIES
Objectives
Chemistry of Fire
Product of Combustion
Sources of Ignition
Transmission of Heat
Stages of Fire
Method on Extinguishing Fire
Classification of Fire
Portable Fire Extinguisher
Operational Characteristics of Portable
Fire Extinguisher
Four Basic Types of Extinguishers
Operating Procedures
Safety Factors
Wheeled Units
Inspection
OUTDOOR
Actual Usage of Fire Extinguisher
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 OBJECTIVES
• To develop Qualified First Responders
to control INCIPIENT FIRES utilizing
portable fire extinguishers.

• To ensure that all Marafiq employees

and Contractors are well oriented in
using appropriate type of portable fire
extinguisher in a particular class of fire.

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 CHEMISTRY OF FIRE
THE FIRE TETRAHEDRON

Oxygen
Fuel
(Oxidizing Agent)
(Fuel
Liquid,
Gas) Chemical
Chain
Reaction

Heat

CHEMICAL CHAIN REACTION is

transformation of matter from one state
to another or a new substance is
produced. 4
 Sources of Ignition

Electrical (defective Friction

wiring) Combustion sparks
• overload circuit
•
Static Electricity
bypass
• over heating Lightning
• safety device inoperative Spontaneous Ignition
Open flames/candles • oily rags
Smoking & matches • contaminated
materials

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 Stages of Fire
• INCIPIENT STAGE OR THE
BEGINNING OF THE FIRE

• FREE BURNING STAGE

• SMOULDERING STAGE

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 Classification of Fire
 Class A
– Ordinary
Combustible
Materials
– Triangle in Symbol

– Extinguishing Agent:
• Water
• Fire Extinguishers

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 Classification of Fire

 Class B
– Flammable liquids or
gases
– Square in Symbol

– Extinguishing Agent:
• Fire Extinguishers
– Dry Chemical
– Foam Chemicals
(AFFF, Protein
Foam, etc.)
– Carbon Dioxide
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 Classification of Fire

 Class C
– Defective Electrical
Wiring
– Circle in Symbol

– Extinguishing Agent:
• Fire Extinguishers
– Dry Chemical
– Carbon Dioxide

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 Classification of Fire

 Class D
– Combustible Metals
– Star in Symbol

– Extinguishing Agent:
• Specialize Fire
Extinguishers
– Dry Powder (Metal
X, Tetra Eutectic
Chloride)
– Sand

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 Method on Extinguishing Fire
• Cooling Effect
– Eliminate HEAT component.
• Starvation
– Eliminate FUEL component.
• Blanketing
– Eliminate OXYGEN component.
• Breakage of Chain Reaction
– Removal of flammable or
combustible materials.
– By using appropriate extinguishing
agent
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 Operational Characteristics of Portable Fire Extinguishers
STREA
FIRE DISCH.
FX TYPE AGENT SIZE M
CLASS TIME
REACH
Stored
Pressure Hand-Carried Water A only 1 ¼-5gal 30-40 ft. 30-60 sec
Water

2 ½-20
CO2 Hand-Carried CO2 B&C 3-8 ft 8-30 sec
lbs
50-100
CO2 Wheeled CO2 B&C 8-10 ft 26-65 sec
lbs
Sodium Bicarbonate,
Hand Carried potassium
Dry Stored Bicarbonate, 2 ½-30
B&C 5-20 ft 8-25 sec
Chemical Pressure/Cartri Ammonium lbs
dge Type phosphate, potassium
chloride

Hand Carried
Multipurp
Stored Mono ammonium A,B &
ose Dry 2 ½-30 lb 5-20 ft 8-25 sec
Pressure/Cartri phosphate C
Chemical
dge Type

Wheeled:
Dry A,B & Up to 45 20 sec – 2
Ordinary or 75-350 lb
Chemical C ft min
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Multipurpose
Four Basic Types of Fire Extinguishers

Water Foam Gas Dry Chemical

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Pressurized Water Fire Extinguishers
• Air Pressurized Water
extinguishers are useful
for all types of small
Class A fires and are
often used for
extinguishing confined
hot spots during
overhaul operations.

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Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers
• CO2 extinguishers
are effective in Class
B & C fires.
• It displaces oxygen
and smothers the fire.
• CO2 produces no
vapor suppressing
film on the surface of
the fuel, therefore,
reignition of the fuel is
always a danger.
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AFFF Fire Extinguishers
• AFFF extinguishers are
suitable for use on
Class A & B fires. They
are particularly useful
in combating fires or
suppressing vapors on
small liquid fuel spills.
& • Finished foam floats on
Foam
the surface of fuels and
the vapor seal created
Aspirating
by the film of water
Nozzle extinguishes the flame
and prevents re-ignition
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Dry Chemical Fire Extinguisher
Two Basic Designs
• STORED-PRESSURE
type is similar in design
to the air-pressurized
water extinguisher, and
a constant pressure of
about 200 psi is
maintained in the agent
storage tank.
• The pressurizing gas is
Nitrogen.

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Dry Chemical Fire Extinguisher
Two Basic Designs
• CARTRIDGE-OPERATED
extinguishers employ a
pressure cartridge
connected to the agent
tank. Agent tank is not
pressurized until a
plunger is pushed to
release the gas from the
cartridge.
• The pressurizing gas is
either Nitrogen or Carbon
Dioxide
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Dry Chemical Cartridge Type Operating Procedure

Sweep the nozzle back and forth. Start

Remove hose from its Point the nozzle in at the near edge of the fire and move
storage position a safe direction, forward while sweeping the nozzle from
and discharge a side to side until fire is extinguished.
Position to one side of very short test Watch for smoldering hot spots or
the extinguisher and possible re-ignition of flammable
burst to ensure liquids. Make sure that the fire is out. Be
depress the activation proper operation. prepared to reapply agent if re-ignition
plunger occurs.
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Dry Chemical Cartridge Type Operating Procedure
Sweep the nozzle back and forth. Start at
the near edge of the fire and move forward
while sweeping the nozzle from side to side
until fire is extinguished.
Watch for smoldering hot spots or possible
re-ignition of flammable liquids. Make sure
that the fire is out. Be prepared to reapply
agent if re-ignition occurs.

Fire Extinguisher Operating Procedure Safety Factors

• Always check wind direction and stay upwind in external firefighting.
• If the hose is clipped to the extinguisher body, release it before discharging
the agent.
• The nozzles of Halon 1211 and CO2 extinguishers may freeze during
discharge, so touching the nozzle with bare skin may result in frostbite.
• Halon and CO2 applications should continue after the flames are
extinguished to reduce the possibility of re-ignition.
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 Wheeled Units Fire Extinguisher
• Wheeled units are similar to the handheld extinguishers
but are on larger scale.
• The extinguishing agent is kept in one tank, and the
pressurizing gas is stored in a separate cylinder. (Dry
Chemical & Foam Extinguishers)

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Inspecting Portable Fire Extinguishers
• Fire extinguishers must be inspected regularly to
ensure that they are accessible and operable.
• Verify in their designated locations
• Not been activated or tampered with
• No obvious physical damage or condition present
that prevents its operation.

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