In the name of Allah

Second group presentation

Group Members:
Freshta “karimi”
Khatima “Azizi”
Atiqulla “Asadi”
Abdulla “Salimi”
Instructor Teacher: Najia “Sarmashq”
Contents:

• Rhyme
• Rhythm and Meter
• Determining the meter in a Poem
• Word and Sound
• Meaning and Poetry
• Tips to help you write better poetry
 RHYME
Rhyme is the repetition of the same or similar sounds in two or
more words. Poets use rhyme when they repeat sounds within
lines or at the ends of lines.
Example:
Heavy is my heart A
Dark are thine eyes B
Thou and I must part A
Ere the sun rise B

Note: The rhyme scheme is ABAB

 TYPES OF RHYME
1_End Rhyme
End rhyme occurs when the last syllables or words in two or more
lines are similar.
Example: Tiger Tiger, burning bright
In the forests of the night

2_Internal Rhyme
Internal rhyme is a rhyme that occurs in the middle of lines of
poetry.
Example: Ah distinctly I remember, it was
In the bleak December
 RHYTHM
Rhythm is the sound pattern created by the arrangement of stressed
and unstressed syllables in a line.
Foot (Feet):
Refers to the rhythmical units of stressed and unstressed syllables that make
up lines of meter. Not word
Not syllable
Meter:
is the Pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables. Or the
systematic regularity in rhythm are called meter.
• Meter usually identified by considering the Type of foot and the Number of
feet.
 POETIC FOOT ( TYPE OF FOOT)
The pattern or foot is determined according to the number of syllables
contained, and the relationship between strong and weak syllables.

Syllables: Each word has at least one syllables no matter what the word is.
Example: Gar-den university
/Ga:den/ > 2 syllables /ju:nive:siti/ > 5 syllables
Stress: a stress is the emphasize that you give in a particular syllable and best
of that we divided stress to stressed and unstressed syllables.
_ = a stressed or strong syllable
U = an unstressed or weak syllable
The standard type of feet in English poetry are:
1.Iamb: [iambic] one unstressed or weak syllable followed by stressed
or strong syllable.
Example:
2. Trochee: [Trochaic]- A stressed syllable followed by an
unstressed syllable.
Example:
3.Anapest :[Anapestic]- Two unstressed syllable followed by one stressed
syllables.
Example:
4.Dactyl: One stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables.
Example:
5.Spondee: Two stressed syllables followed by unstressed syllable.
Example:
O dark, dark, dark, amid the blaze of moon
/ / / / ^ / ^ / / ^ /

THE NUMBER OF FEET:

The second part of meter is the number of feet contained in a line.
 One foot = Monometer
 Two feet = Dimeter
 Three feet= Trimeter
 Four feet = Tetrameter
 Five feet = Pentameter
 Six feet = Hexameter
 IRREGULARITY
Irregular rhythm have irregular non-repetitive rhyme scheme. Poets use
irregularity because the wants to emphasize on some words in a line or to add
interest to a line.
Example: It was many and many years ago
In a kingdom by the sea
That a maiden there lived whom you may know
By the name of Annabel Lee

Blank verse
Any poetry that does have a metrical pattern but does not have rhyme is blank
verse.
Example: Shall I / compare / thee to /a summers/ day
Thou / art more / lovely and / more / temperate
 Free verse
Free verse is an open form of poetry, which does not follow any meter patterns,
rhyme, or any musical pattern.
Example:
I was not happy with the rain
Until my eyes caught five leaves
a mysterious autumn watercolor
Gift here on this broken road
Determining the meter
Determining the meter in a poem is a process of elimination.
Start reading everything in a poem and be careful about the emphasize on
words, most of the metered poetry is iambic.
If none of the 5 poetic foot sounds natural then it’s a free verse.
 Word and sound
Another type of sound play is the emphasis on sound and words.

Alliteration
The repetition of initial consonant sound on the same line or stanza.
Example:
A Good Cook Could Cook As many Cookies
As a Good Cook Who Could Cook Cookies
Assonance
The repetition of vowel sounds in the middle or end of a line or stanza.
Example:
Winner, Winner Chicken dinner
Onomatopoeia
Words that sounds like things that they describe.
Example:
The Tick Tock of a Clock.
 MEANING AND POETRY:

Poetry is not just about hidden feelings and indirect meanings, It is sometimes
about the meaning play.
Here are some important things to remember.

Correctness and Particularity

Poetry involves some particular situations and this particular situations can help the reader
to analyze the massage of a poem. Sometimes poetry plays with the meaning by making
comparisons between things ,Connotation ,Simile ,metaphor, and symbol are the forms of
this comparisons.
 Denotation and Connotation
• Denotation is the direct definition of the word that you find in the dictionary.
• Connotation is the emotional suggestions of a word that is not literal.
Example: The blueberry is very blue Denotation
she is feeling blue Connotation

Poetry As a Language of Indirection

If we be aware that our life experiences is more complex then what
a denotative word can describe then we will know the value of the poets
need to find words which can describe the complexity of experiences.
Tips to help you Write better Poetry

 Use a thesaurus.
 Freestyle is not always best try a poetry form.
 Learn about types of rhymes.
 Take your time.
 Read your poetry aloud
 Read more poetry.
 Analyze famous poems.
 Write more Poetry.
 Gain experiences.
 Seek and listen critiques.
 Thank You for your Nice attention.

Presentation Prepared By: Freshta karimi

Instructor: Teacher Najia Sarmashq

Date: 2022/March/5
12/14/1400