Evolution of Networks

XII Science
Computer Science
In this tutorial we will learn

1. What is a Computer network?

2. What was the first network of the world?
3. Why was network developed and by whom?
What do you mean by a computer network?
A computer network is a set of computers connected together so that the
resources of one computer can be shared among all the other computers.
There is a main computer in a network called server. The server controls
over all activities of the network.
First Network of the world
US Department of Defense wanted a kind of communication system
which can help them stay connected with the computers placed in
various universities, military establishments and hospitals even at the
time of war.
First Network of the world
US Department of Defense wanted a kind of communication system
which can help them stay connected with the computers placed in
various universities, military establishments and hospitals even at the
time of war.

The first such network that came into existence in 1969 was named as
ARPANET, which was designed and named by the Advanced Research
Projects Agency (ARPA) and US Department of Defense (DoD). 

Advanced Research Projects Agency Network

 Initially there were four nodes
University of University of
California at Los California at Santa
Angeles(UCLA) Barbara(UCSB)

Stanford Research
University of
Institute (SRI)
Utah
University of University of
California at Los California at Santa
Angeles(UCLA) Barbara(UCSB)

On October 29, 1969 first ever

message was exchanged

Stanford Research
University of
Institute (SRI)
Utah
First Network of the world
Professors, students and academicians of the universities
started using this network and it gained popularity.
It helps them with effective communication among each
other and also with the society.
First Network of the world
Professors, students are academicians of the universities
started using this network and it gained popularity.
It helps them with effective communication among each
other and also with the society.

This network began growing with time as more and more

users started to get connected with ARPANET.
Evolution of Networking
In mid 80’s another federal agency, NSFNET (National Science Federation
Network) created a new network which was more capable than ARPANET.
Its main aim was to use network only for academic research and not for any
kind of private business activity.
Evolution of Networking
In mid 80’s another federal agency, NSFNET (National Science Federation
Network) created a new network which was more capable than ARPANET.
Its main aim was to use network only for academic research and not for any
kind of private business activity.

Later, many privately owned businesses with their very own private systems
joined with ARPANET and NSFNET to make more capable and wide network,
the Internet.
Evolution of Networking
In mid 80’s another federal agency, NSFNET (National Science Federation
Network) created a new network which was more capable than ARPANET.
Its main aim was to use network only for academic research and not for any
kind of private business activity.

Later, many privately owned businesses with their very own private systems
joined with ARPANET and NSFNET to make more capable and wide network,
the Internet.

ARPANET + NSFNET + PRIVATE NETWORKS = INTERNET

A
 B
A
 B
A

C
 B
A

C
D
 B
A

C
D
Internet
The internet has evolved from ARPANET. The internet is a globally
connected network system that utilizes TCP/IP to transmit information. It
allows computers of different types to exchange information and is
known as internet.
Internet
The internet has evolved from ARPANET. The internet is a globally
connected network system that utilizes TCP/IP to transmit information. It
allows computers of different types to exchange information and is
known as internet.
Services provided by Internet are:

•Email
•Web-enabled audio/video conferencing services
•Online movies and gaming
•Data transfer/file-sharing, often through File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
•Instant messaging
•Internet forums
•Social networking
•Online shopping
•Financial services