Fire Prevention and

Protection
 What is a Fire?
It is a chemical reaction caused by the
interaction of three components

These are;
 OXYGEN
 HEAT
 FUEL

Take any component away and fire cannot survive

2
 Mechanics of Fire

In order to start a fire

you need to have the
right mixture of
Oxygen, Fuel plus
needed Heat. People GAS
SOLID LIQUID
need at least 19 % of
oxygen in the air to
live. Fire only needs 16

Temperature
%.
2
3
 Eliminating Fire
 Cooling – by lowering
the temperature
 Smothering – by
depriving of Oxygen

CO
RIN

O
Starvation – by

HE


LIN
OT

G
removing the source of

SM
NO FIRE
fuel
STARVATION

4
 The Spread of Fire
 Direct contact - in their
early stage, fires
spread most entirely
by contact of flame to
combustible object
 Conduction –
transferred of heat
through solid materials

5
 The Spread of Fire

 Convection – transferred
of heat by air movement,
hot air rises due to
reduced density
 Radiation – heat
transferred from one
surface to another
across the space

6
 Fire Fighting Equipment
 Fire Extinguishers
 Fire Hoses
 Fire Hydrants
 Fire Blanket
 Fire Nozzles
 Sprinklers
 Etc…
7
 CLASSIFICATIONS OF FIRE & IDENTIFICATION
OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
CLASS - A - Wood, Paper, Textiles,
Rubber, Plastic, Rope,etc,.Extinguish with
water to cool the material which is burning.

CLASS - B - Flammable Liquids, Combustible

Liquids, Greases. Extinguish liquid fires
with foam or dry powder.

CLASS - C - GAS Fire.

Flammable gases - LPG, Acetylene.
Extinguish gas fires by shutting off the gas supply.

ELECTRICAL FIRE - Turn off the supply.

Use CO2 or Dry chemical Extinguisher
DO NOT USE WATER ON ELECTRICAL FIRE
8
 Fire Detection

 Heat Detector

 Smoke Detector

 Flame Detector

9
 Sources of Ignition
 Heated Surfaces (Machine etc…)
 Cloth, News paper on hot surfaces
 Faulty Machinery’s Electrical fittings, etc…
 Sparks (grinding. Welding. Cutting.
 Electrical Overloading/Heating
 Impact sparks (tools falling down to tank, etc…)
 Static Electricity
 Spontaneous Combustion
 Cigarettes
10
 Basic Fire Fighting
Locate the FIRE
Learn of its size, Location, combustibles involved.

Inform
Sound the Alarm - even if the Fire Appears Small
Shout FIRE! FIRE! , Instruct someone to sound
alarm.

Restrict the FIRE

By Closing Door, Isolating Fuel , electrical Supply
and Closing Ventilation. Use Boundary cooling.

Extinguish the FIRE

By using the correct type and quantity of
fighting media.
11
 Fighting the Fire
• Fight the fire only if you have adequate means of
escape.
• Do not fight a fire if gas cylinders are involved. Keep
your distance.
• If a fire is too big (cannot be put out by a portable fire
extinguisher) back away. Try to contain fire.
• Remove any combustible material around fire if
possible.
• Give the location of incident, type, size of fire to Fire
12 Warden or Fireman
 Evacuation Procedure
• On hearing the alarm, leave the building through
the nearest safe exit.
• Last person to, leave must close all doors,
windows, isolate power. Shut off A.C. units.
• Proceed to assembly point.
• Do not re-enter building - Never under estimate
the speed at which smoke fire can spread.
• Do not use lifts.
• Do not re-enter until the all clear has been given.
• Familiarise yourself with all emergency exit
arrows.

13
 Safe Practices
Smoking

• Smoke only in authorised areas.

• Use proper ashtrays.
• Ensure Matches and cigarette
ends properly stubbed out.
• Proper warning notice to be placed.
• Do not smoke in bed.
Laundry & wet clothing

• Do not place clothes over heaters, radiators, etc.

• Clothes should be placed in a designated area.

14
 Safe Practices
Electrical and other fittings
• Only authorised persons should interfere with
electrical fittings.
• Do not use personal electrical appliances.
• Faulty fittings and wiring must be reported.
• All electrical fittings must be firmly secured.
• Make shift plugs, sockets and fuses should not be
used.
• Circuit should not be overloaded.
• All portable electrical appliances should be
disconnected after use.

15
• Drying clothes on electrical heaters are prohibited
 Safe Practices
Machinery Spaces
• Always keep the area clean. Prevent oil leakage,
remove combustible materials.
• Use container for cotton waste, cleaning rags, oil
rags, etc…
• Wood, paints, spirits, oil and other combustible
objects/substances should not be kept in machinery
space.
• All electrical wiring should be well maintained /
insulated.

16
 Safe Practices
Galleys
• Avoid overheating or spilling of fats or oil
• Ensure burners or heating plates are shut off when
cooking is finished
• Ensure necessary fire fighting equipment is available
(familiarize with its location)
• Galley exhaust must be properly maintained

Hot Work

• Obtain necessary HOT WORK Permit before starting

the hot work
• Ensure Gas test is carried out in hazardous location
• Ensure no combustible materials nearby

17
 Important Safety Tips
• See that you know what to do in case of fire.
• Make certain you know your escape.
• Keep fire doors and shutters clear and unobstructed.
• Don’t obstruct access to fire extinguishers: learn how to
use.
• Don’t hang clothing over or near heating equipment.
• Don’t let paper, oily rags or other rubbish accumulate.
• Do not smoke in prohibited areas.

18
 Important Safety Tips
• Use approved safety can for carrying flammable liquids, not
open tins or buckets.
• Handle flammable liquids at a safe distance from possible
sources of ignition.
• Check before and after using blow lamps, welding and cutting
equipment.
• Soldering irons and gas rings must be non-combustible stands.
• Switch off from the mains any electrical equipment when not in
use.
19
 THANKS

20 DP-RAJ-HSE-FIREMAN