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  • Ib Bio 1.2 2

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    Madhavi Kapadia
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    The document outlines key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells are typically smaller, lack membrane-bound organelles, have circular DNA, divide via binary fission, and are unicellular. Eukaryotic cells are generally larger, have membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts, contain linear DNA within a nucleus, can divide via mitosis or meiosis, and are often multicellular. Their cell walls also differ, with prokaryotes having peptidoglycan and eukaryotes having cellulose or chitin.

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    IB BIO 1.2 2

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    The document outlines key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells are typically smaller, lack membrane-bound organelles, have circular DNA, divide via binary fission, and are unicellular. Eukaryotic cells are generally larger, have membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts, contain linear DNA within a nucleus, can divide via mitosis or meiosis, and are often multicellular. Their cell walls also differ, with prokaryotes having peptidoglycan and eukaryotes having cellulose or chitin.

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    15 views41 pages

    Ib Bio 1.2 2

    Uploaded by

    Madhavi Kapadia
    The document outlines key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells are typically smaller, lack membrane-bound organelles, have circular DNA, divide via binary fission, and are unicellular. Eukaryotic cells are generally larger, have membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts, contain linear DNA within a nucleus, can divide via mitosis or meiosis, and are often multicellular. Their cell walls also differ, with prokaryotes having peptidoglycan and eukaryotes having cellulose or chitin.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 41

    Mitochondria 

    – Cells with many mitochondria typically undertake energy-consuming processes


    (e.g. neurons, muscle cells)
    ER – Cells with extensive ER networks undertake secretory activities (e.g. plasma cells, exocrine
    gland cells)
    Lysosomes – Cells rich in lysosomes tend to undertake digestive processes (e.g. phagocytes)
    Chloroplasts – Cells with chloroplasts undergo photosynthesis (e.g. plant leaf tissue but not root
    Outline the major differences between
    prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
    PROKARY EUKARYO
    Tiny (≈ 0.2 - 10 μm) OTE TEBigger (≈ 10 - 100 μm)
    No membrane bound organelles Membrane bound organelles (1.2.U2)
    Ribosomes
    Division by binary fission, mitosis
    Division by binary fission (1.2.U3) DNA or meiosis

    Cell membrane
    Cell wall with
    Cell wall with peptidoglycan cellulose (plants) of chitin (fungus)
    Cytoplasm
    DNA in nucleoid DNA in nucleus
    Essential functions of life (with nuclear membrane)
    (no nuclear membrane)

    Flagella moves laterally


    Flagella rotates
    DNA is linear and associated
    DNA is circular and naked (3.2.U1) with histone proteins (3.2.U3)

    Smaller 70s ribosomes Larger 80s ribosomes

    Can have plasmids (3.2.U2) Does not have plasmids

    Unicellular or multicellular (1.1.U4)


    All unicellular (1.1.U4)

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