EARTH'S MOVEMENT AROUND THE SUN

The earth spins around its own

axis, an imaginary line from the
North pole to South pole, which
dips and wobbles gradually.

The Earth could then be

imagined like a spinning top
or Trumpo, turning and
wobbling in its path about the
sun
Aphelion- Refers to the point in
the orbit of the earth farthest
from the sun
Perihelion- is the point in the
orbit of the Earth closes to the
sun
Earth's axial tilt- is the inclination angle
of the Earth's axis in relation to a line
perpendicular to its orbital plane
Precession- is the change of the
orintation of the rotational axis
of the Earth
Equinox- Refers to the time
the sun at noon is directly
over the equator.
Solstice- Happen when the sun
at noon sits above the tropic of
cancer or tropic of Capricorn
Precession of the equinoxes- Refers
to the motion of the equinoxes
relative to the precession of the
Earth's axis of rotation
 MILANKOVITCH PARAMETER
Milutin Milankovitch
• Milutin Milanković was born along with his twin sister on
May 28, 1879, in the village of Dalj, in the Austro-
Hungarian Empire. The village is now in Croatia.
• In 1941, Nazi Germany invaded Yugoslavia, occupying
Belgrade. Milanković retreated to his home and
concentrated on writing. He resumed his work as a
university professor when the war ended, retiring from
his professorship in 1955, age 76.
• Milutin Milankovitch died age 79 on December 12, 1958
in Belgrade. He was buried at the New Cemetery in
Belgrade.
• .Milankovitch married Kristina Topuzović. They had one
son, Vasko, born in 1915.
 He know that it has long been said by astronomers that
the distance from the sun to earth is constant as shown
by the orbital radius of the earth. The tilt of the North Pole
of the earth has always been relative to the plane of the
solar system.

The effect of the change in the radius of the Earth's orbit ,the change
in the tilt of the spin of the Earth ,and the wobble in the spin axis
called Milankovitch parameters,were each so small that they could
not alter the amount of sunlight reaching the Earth enough to cause
a phenomenon like the ice age.

The equations of the Laws of Nature allow for

cumulative or summative effect. if the sun warm a
larger piece of land it can warm a larger piece of land
in the same way.
 They have come to realize that changing the Milankovitch
parameters over long period of time can indeed have a cumulative
effect far greater than it appears at first glance. This descovery is part
of what has been called a new science called Chaos Theory.

Milankovitch studied whether or not the direct amount of

sunlight fallin on earth was the cause of ice age.He
resoned that over thousand of years, the relative position
of the earth and sun changes, causing variation in the solar
radiation reaching the earth over the thousands of years.
GLOBAL WARMING
 The average temperature of the Earth's
Atmosphere has been increasing by over
90% in the latter part of 20th century.

One side stated that Global warming

What are the will happen as naturally as the sun
Causes of this rises and sets
phenomena?

other sides stated Global warming is

cause or greatly abutted by the
action of human being
 Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (BLUE) and mean global
temperature (RED) during the past millenium
• In the graph, the x-axis shows the year and the y- axis represent the
amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere measured in parts
per million (ppm).
• It should be noted that the amount of CO2 in the year before 1950
remains fairly constant but begins to climb afterward.
GREENHOUSE GASES
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
John Tyndall
• As a dam built across a river causes
alocal deepening of the stream, so
our atmosphere, thrown across
(infrared) rays, produce a local
heightening of the temperature at
the Earth's surface.
THE KEELING CURVE
 Tyndall was concerned as to what would become of the
Earth' atmosphere if industrialization became widespread.

Industrialization is the conversion of an agararian economy

into an industralized one on large sacale.

industrialization of many nation has directly affected the

amout of CO2 in the atmosphere.
Charles David Keeling
• An american scientist in the mid 20th
century, to find out if the increased
burning of fossil fuel and consequent
release of CO2 in the atmosphere
were changing the global
temperature of the atmosphere
The graph shows that the concerns of Engr. Tyndall in
the mid 19th century and Dr. Keeling in the mid 20th
century were well founded.

the carbon dioxide concentrarion has gone up and

the temperature has also risen.
This finding are the solid proof of global warming.
ACTION FUTURE
• the challenge is to assemble
sufficient and well establish data
from all over the word to make
prediction as accurate as possible
• Some scientist take the issue
further by setting “tipping point”,
specify value of meteorological
parameters in which irreversible
change take place.