HEAT T R A NSF E R

IT S GE TT ING HOT IN HE RE!

INTRODUCTION
• HAVE YOU EVER ACCIDENTALLY TOUCHED A CURLING
IRON OR HOT PAN?

• THIS WAS CAUSED BY HEAT TRANSFER FROM THE

OBJECT TO YOUR HAND AT A HIGH RATE

• THIS CAUSES YOUR NERVES TO REACT TO MOVE YOUR

HAND AWAY BEFORE YOU ARE BURNED WORSE.
THERMAL ENERGY
• THERMAL ENERGY IS HOW FAST PARTICLES AND MOLECULES ARE
MOVING IN AN OBJECT.

• THE FASTER THE PARTICLES ARE MOVING THE MORE HEAT.

• TEMPERATURE IS THE AVERAGE AMOUNT OF ENERGY OF MOTION OF
EACH PARTICLE.

• THERMAL ENERGY IS THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF MOVEMENT IN A

SUBSTANCE.
WARM VS HOT
MEASURING TEMPERATURE
• TEMPERATURE GREATLY AFFECTS WEATHER.
• AIR TEMPERATURE IS USUALLY MEASURED WITH A THERMOMETER
• A THERMOMETER IS A GLASS TUBE WITH A BULB ON ONE END THAT
HAS COLORED ALCOHOL.

• THIS LIQUID RISES WHEN ITS WARMER AND FALLS WHEN IT IS

COOLER.
 TEMPERATURE SCALES
• TEMPERATURE IS TYPICALLY MEASURED ON TWO SCALES: CELSIUS
AND FAHRENHEIT.

• SCIENTISTS OFTEN USE THE CELSIUS SCALE WHERE THE FREEZING

POINT OF WATER IS 0°C. (32°F)

• BOILING IS AT 100°C AND 212°F.

• WEATHER REPORTS IN THE UNITED STATES OFTEN USE FAHRENHEIT.
CONVERSION PROBLEM

• THE EQUATION IS USED TO FIND TEMPERATURE IN CELSIUS TERMS.

• LET’S SAY THE TEMPERATURE OUTSIDE IS 75°F.
• FIND THE TEMPERATURE IN CELSIUS.
• (REMEMBER TO WORK THE NUMBERS INSIDE THE PARENTHESES
FIRST)
CONVERSION PROBLEM ANSWERS

• PLUG IN YOUR NUMBERS:

• WORK THE PARENTHESES:
• MULTIPLY (ROUND TO THE NEAREST TENTH):
• IT IS 23.9°C OUTSIDE
THE TRANSFER OF HEAT

• HEAT IS DEFINED AS THE TRANSFER OF ENERGY FROM

ONE OBJECT TO ANOTHER. (HOTTER TO COOLER)

• HEAT IS TRANSFERRED IN THREE DIFFERENT WAYS:

RADIATION, CONDUCTION, AND CONVECTION.
RADIATION

• THE SUN'S RAYS ARE AN EXAMPLE OF HEAT FROM RADIATION

• RADIATION IS THE TRANSFER OF ENERGY THROUGH
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES.

• YOU CANNOT SEE RADIATION, BUT YOU CAN FEEL IT.

• A GOOD EXAMPLE OF RADIANT HEAT IS AN INFRARED HEATING LAMP.
CONDUCTION
• HAVE YOU EVER TOUCHED HOT PLAYGROUND EQUIPMENT WITH
YOUR HANDS OR FEET?

• THIS IS HEAT BEING PASSED DIRECTLY FROM ONE OBJECT TO

ANOTHER.

• FOR EXAMPLE, THE HEAT IN A FRYING PAN CAN OFTEN TRAVEL UP

THE HANDLE TO WHERE YOU ARE HOLDING IT.

• THAT IS HEAT TRANSFER BY CONDUCTION.

CONVECTION
• IN LIQUIDS AND GASES PARTICLES CAN FREELY MOVE FROM ONE
AREA TO ANOTHER.

• WHEN LIQUIDS AND GASES ARE HEATED THE MOVEMENT BECOMES

FASTER.

• HEATED PARTICLES WILL RISE AND EVENTUALLY COOL.

• THESE COOLED PARTICLES WILL MOVE DOWNWARD AND GET CLOSER
TO THE HEAT SOURCE WHERE THE CYCLE STARTS OVER AGAIN.
CONVECTION
HEATING THE TROPOSPHERE
• ALL OF THE PREVIOUS METHODS PLAY A ROLE TO HEAT THE
ATMOSPHERE.

• THIS MOVEMENT CAUSES CONVECTION CURRENTS.

• CONVECTION CURRENTS MOVE HEAT THROUGHOUT THE
TROPOSPHERE.

• COOLER AIR MOVING INTO WARMER AIR CAN CAUSE SEVERE

STORMS.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
• WHAT IS USED TO MEASURE AIR TEMPERATURE?
• WHAT ARE THE THREE WAYS HEAT CAN BE
TRANSFERRED?

• WHAT IS THE TEMPERATURE IN CELSIUS IF IT IS 105°F?

• CRITICAL THINKING: HOW CAN A HAWK OR EAGLE FLY
UPWARD WITHOUT FLAPPING THEIR WINGS?