Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology , Gorakhpur

Design & fabrication Hydroponic Farming System

B.Tech Final Year Project

Department of Mechanical Engineering
Submitted By: Supervised By:

Vijaypal Yadav (2019052028) Dr. Prashant Saini

Aniket Mishra (2019052005) Assistant Professor , MED
Abhishek Singh (2018051011)
Ganesh Paswan (2019052012)
Abhishek Viswakarma (2019052002)
Aditya Kumar Mishra (2019052004)
 Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology , Gorakhpur

CONTENTS:
• Introduction
• Problem statement
• Purpose of Project
• Literature Review
• Components and material used
• Nutrition Required For Hydroponic Farming
• Processes In Plants Growth
• Cost Analysis
• Conclusion
 Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology , Gorakhpur

INTRODUCTION

Background for project (AIM)

• A balanced diet is very important for every human beings.
• Green vegetables are one of the most important element of our diet.
• But nowdays in cities , people are not getting quality products.
• Due to unavailability of land they cannot grow vegetables for them.
• That’s why we are making a setup by using NFT technique of
Hydroponics by which people can grow vegetables without using soil.
 Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology , Gorakhpur

ABOUT THE PROJECT

CONCEPT:-

• Hydroponic is a system of growing crops without soil, often called soilless farming.
• In the hydroponic system, the roots of plants grow in liquid solution of nutrients.
• we use some materials like cocopeat and rockwool to support the roots of plants which have best
quality of water retention in it.
Photosynthesis process:-

• In presence of Sunlight and chlorophyll

Carbon Dioxide + Water →Glucose +Oxygen

6CO2 + 6H2O ➜ C6H12O6 + 6O2

• A plant takes water and nutrition from the soil.

• So we can provide water and nutrients to the roots of plants in the form of solution by using this
technique.
 Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology , Gorakhpur

N.F.T.(Nutrient film Technique)

Nutrient film technique (NFT) systems suspend plants above a stream of nutrient solution that washes over the
ends of the plant’s root systems.
The channels holding the plants are tilted, allowing water to run down the length of the grow tray before
draining into the reservoir below.
 Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology , Gorakhpur

Literature Review
 Hydroponics as an advanced technique for vegetable production:
Authored by Nisha Sharma, Somen Acharya, Kaushal Kumar, Narendra Singhand O.P. Chaurasia, in the Journal of Soil and
Water Conservation 17(4): 364-371,October-December 2018 ISSN: 022-457X,
This article discuss various hydroponicstructures viz. wick, ebb and flow, drip, deep water culture and
Nutrient FilmTechnique (NFT) system; their operations; benefit and limitations; performance of different crops and water
conservation by this technique. It also talks about the pHand electric conductivity required for organic soilless farming.

 A review on plant without soil – Hydroponics:

Authored by Ms. Mamta D. Sardare, Ms. Shraddha V. Admane, AssistantProfessor, MIT Academy of Engineering, Alandi
Pune, Maharashtra, India. ISSN:2319 – 1163, Vol 2 Issue 3,
This article discusses various technologies available for Soilless farming and comparison of the performance of various crop
in soil andsoilless cultivation.

 Soilless farming – the next generation Green evolution

Authored by Bikram Pradhan and Bandita Deo, published in Current Science, Vol.116, No. 5, this paper discusses about the
origin of soil less farming and it’s presentform throughout the world. Also, discusses all the important parameters of
soillessfarming and its large-scale implementation.
 Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology , Gorakhpur

Statement of problem

• Due to polished and chemically grown vegetables , people are suffering from various
health issues like loss of eye
• Vision , hairfall, cancer and heart problmes.

• Due to unavailability of land , people cannot grow vegetables.

• So we are aiming to eliminate this problem and provide such technique so that they can
grow vegetables at their home
 Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology , Gorakhpur

Future Scope of our project:-

• As population increases and arable land declines due to poor land management, people will turn to
new technology like Hydroponics.

• Hydroponics also has been used successfully in dry and arid climate.

• This process can be completely automated and control by robots in future.

• Approximately it consumes 80% – 90% less water as compare to traditional farming for same amount of
production.

• It offers a potential for larger variety of food production.

• Hydroponics also will be important to the future of the space program.

 Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology , Gorakhpur

Components and material used:-

1 Pipes fittings
(a) PVC Pipe ( 4 inch) – This pipe is main line pipe of hydroponic setup. In this pipe , flow of nutrition takes place. On
the upper surface , required hole is made and then net cup kept inside this .
b) CPVC Pipe ( 1 inch )- This pipe is used as joint to connect two main pipes. Nutritive solvent flows from higher
position to lower one through this pipe only.
c) Elbow – It a CPVC fitting used to change the direction of pipe run.
 Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology , Gorakhpur

d) Tee- This fitting is used at bottom of setup to combine the direction flow of two outlets.
e) Cap – It is fitted at the end of main pipe to make it leak proof. It is a PVC material. At the outer end of cap, elbow is
fitted
f) Pipe Adhesive – It is a adhesive material used to join the cap and pipe and other fitting like tee and elbow in pipe .
This solvent makes all the joint leak proof.
 Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology , Gorakhpur

2.Water and Air pump

a) Water pump- It is a centrifugal pump of 18 Watt . This is submerged in water tank and circulates the solution
throughout the pipe.
b) Air pump- This pump provides oxygen to water which is present in tank and pipe. Dissolved oxygen in water
promotes the better growth of plants.
c) Tank – This tank has a capacity of 40 liter. In this tank , solution of water and nutrition is made and then the
nutrition is forced into pipes by a water pump .
 Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology , Gorakhpur

4. Net Cup – It is made of a plastic material. In this cup, baby plant is kept by putting coco peat all around.
Then this cup kept inside the hole of main pipe.
5. Cocopeat- It is a biodegradable material and used a medium for plants. It retains and absorbs the nutrition
and provides to the plants.
6. Weighing Machine- This used for measuring the proper amount of micro and micro nutrients which is to
be dissolved in water.
 Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology , Gorakhpur

NUTRITION REQUIRED FOR HYDROPONIC

•NPK -Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, or NPK, are the “Big 3” primary nutrients in commercial
fertilizers. Each of these fundamental nutrients plays a key role in plant nutrition. Nitrogen is
considered to be the most important nutrient, and plants absorb more nitrogen than any other
element.

•Calcium Nitrate-It helps with cell formation but it also neutralizes acids to detoxify the plant. The
nitrogen component is also responsible for fueling protein production and essentially leafy growth.
Heat and moisture stress can cause calcium deficiencies in certain crops, like tomatoes.

•Magnesium sulphate-Epsom salt can prevent root shock by increasing chlorophyll production and
helping the roots absorb more nutrients. Improved flavor: The more chlorophyll a plant produces, the
more sugar it produces, which results in sweeter and more flavorful fruits and vegetables.
Micronutrition-

Proper crop nutrition management is an extremely important precondition for healthy and vigorous crops. In this regard,
crop nutrients are one of the burning factors for higher yields. Crop nutrition should be a priority in striving to meet global
food demands. After all, without essential macro and micronutrients, there wouldn’t be any yields.
We have already written about the role and importance of macronutrients. However, micronutrients are just as important
as macronutrients.Micronutrients are essential elements needed for crop growth that are required in relatively small
quantities. Even though demands for micronutrients are small in quantity, these nutrients directly affect crop growth and
development.Since farmers concentrate mostly on macronutrient application, excessive amounts of micronutrients are a
very rare occurrence. On the other hand, if deficient, crop growth and quality will be affected.
 
Micronutrients include elements such as:
Boron (B)
Chlorine (Cl)
Copper (Cu)
Iron (Fe)
Manganese (Mn)
Molybdenum (Mo)
Nickel (Ni)
MAIN NUTRIENTS FOR HYDROPONIC FARMING
CONSTRUCTION OF SETUP AND ITS COST ANALYSIS
COST ANALYSIS

COMPONENTS QUANTITY RATE ( Rs.) TOTAL PRICE

PVC PIPE 15ft 60/ft 900

CPVC PIPE 15ft 20/ft 300

CPVC ELBOW 11 20 220

CPVC TEE 1 20 20

PVC SOLVENT 50 ml 150 150

WATER PUMP 1 175 175

AIR PUMP 1 130 130

WATER TANK 40 liter 100 100

PVC PIPE CAP 10 30 300

TDS METER 1 150 150

PH METER 1 450 450

IRON PIPE ( STAND) 10kg 50/kg 500

TOTAL COMPONENT COST = Rs. 3395

 PROCRSSING COST-

MAKING OF BASE STAND ( WELDING) Rs. 100

HOLE MAKING IN PIPE Rs. 50

TOTAL PROCESSING COST – Rs. 150

 
TOTAL COST OF FINISHED SETUP = Rs. 3545
SETUP WITH ALL COMPONETS AND PLANTS-
TOMATO GOWTH PROCESS
SOME OTHER PLANT GROWTH PROCESS IN SETUP
 CONCLUSION-

The industry is expected to grow exponentially also in future, as conditions of soil growing is becoming difficult.
Specially, in a country like India , where urban concrete conglomerate is growing each day , there is no option but
adopting soil-less culture to help improve the yield and quality of the produce so that we can ensure food
security of our country. However, Government intervention and Research Institute interest can propel the use of
this technology.
In a world where fresh water and food supplies are becoming more and more scarce, hydroponics emerges as an
important way to mitigate these problems in a sustainable and ecologically conscious way. In the future, it is
expected that the hydroponics industry will grow exponentially especially as conditions for soil based growing are
becoming increasingly difficult. Eventually, in a country like India where urban growth is exceeding all
expectations, soil-less culture is bound to eclipse conventional agriculture to increment the quantity and quality of
the produce and ensure future food security for the nation. The progress of hydroponics can however, be
accelerated by increased interest through governmental intervention and focus of research institutes.