EXPONENTIAL

FUNCTIONS

11.9.20
Find the solution set of the
following equations.
𝒙 +𝟓
𝒙−𝟐 𝟏
𝟐 𝒙+𝟏
=𝟖 𝒙 −𝟐 𝟒 =( )
𝟐
𝟐
𝒙 +𝟐 𝒙 +𝟒 𝒙 +𝟒
𝟑 =𝟗
EXAMPLE: 𝟐 𝒙+𝟏
=𝟒 𝒙−𝟐

𝟐 𝒙+𝟏
=(𝟐 ¿ ¿ 𝟐) 𝒙 −𝟐
¿ 𝒙+𝟏=𝟐 𝒙 − 𝟒
𝒙 −𝟐 𝒙=− 𝟒 −𝟏
𝒙+𝟏 𝟐 𝒙 −𝟒
𝟐 =(𝟐) − 𝒙 =− 𝟓
𝒙 =5
 𝒙 +𝟓
EXAMPLE: 𝒙−𝟐 𝟏
𝟒 =( )
𝟐
𝒙−𝟐 𝟏 𝒙 +𝟓 𝟐 𝒙 −𝟒=− 𝒙 −𝟓
𝟒 =( ) 𝟐 𝒙+ 𝒙=𝟒 − 𝟓
𝟐
𝟐 𝒙−𝟐 − 𝟏 𝒙 +𝟓 3 𝒙 =− 𝟏
(𝟐 ) =(𝟐 )
𝟐 𝒙−𝟒 − 𝒙 +𝟓 1
(𝟐) =(𝟐) 𝒙 =−
3
EXAMPLE:
𝟐
𝒙 +𝟐 𝒙 +𝟒 𝒙 +𝟒
𝟑 =𝟗
𝟐
𝒙 +𝟐 𝒙 +𝟒 𝟐 𝒙+ 𝟒 𝟐
𝟑 =(𝟑 ) 𝒙 +𝟐 𝒙+𝟒=𝟐 𝒙 +𝟖
𝟐
𝟑
𝟐
𝒙 +𝟐 𝒙 +𝟒
=(𝟑)
𝟐 𝒙+𝟖 𝒙 =𝟐 𝒙 −𝟐 𝒙+𝟖 − 𝟒
𝒙 =𝟒 𝒙=± √ 𝟒
𝟐

𝒙=2 𝑜𝑟 − 2
EXPONENTIAL EXPRESSION
It is an expression of the form
where
𝟐
𝒙−𝟏 𝒙 𝒙
𝟒 𝟗 𝟏𝟔𝟗
𝒙+𝟏
𝟐( 𝒙+𝟑) 𝟒𝟗
𝟓 (
𝟖𝟏
)
 EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION
Functions of the form of

EXAMPLE: 𝒙
𝒇 ( 𝒙 )=(𝟏 .𝟖)
𝒙
𝒚 =(𝟏 .𝟖)
 0
LAWS OF EXPONENTS 𝒂 =1
( ) ( )
𝒎 𝒏 𝒎+𝒏 𝑛 𝑛
𝒂 • 𝒂 =𝒂 𝑎 𝑎
= 𝑛 ,𝑏≠0
𝒏 𝒎𝒏 𝑏 𝑏
(𝒂 ¿ ¿ 𝒎) =𝒂 ¿ 1
−𝑥
𝒏 𝒏 𝒏 𝒂 = 𝑥
(𝒂𝒃) =𝒂 𝒃 𝑎
𝒎
𝒂 𝒎 −𝒏 𝑥
=𝒂 , 𝒂 ≠ 𝟎
𝒂 =√𝑎
𝒏 𝑦 𝑦 𝑥
𝒂
EXAMPLE: 𝒙
𝟐 =𝟒
𝒙 𝟐
𝟐 =𝟐
𝒙 𝟐
𝟐 =𝟐
𝒙 =𝟐
EXAMPLE:
𝒙 𝟏 𝟏
𝟐 = −𝟐
𝟐 =
𝟐
𝟐
𝒙 −𝟏
𝟐 =𝟐
𝒙 =−1
EXAMPLE: 𝒙−𝟏
𝟒 =𝟏𝟔
𝒙−𝟏 𝟐
𝟒 =𝟒
𝒙 −𝟏=𝟐
𝒙 =𝟐+𝟏
𝒙 =3
EXAMPLE: 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝒙 −𝟏
=𝟐𝟓 𝒙 +𝟑
𝒙 −𝟏 𝒙 +𝟑
(𝟓 ¿ ¿ 𝟑) =(𝟓 ¿ ¿𝟐) ¿¿
𝟑( 𝒙 − 𝟏)=𝟐(𝒙+ 𝟑)
𝟑 𝒙 −𝟑=𝟐 𝒙+𝟔
𝟑 𝒙 −𝟐 𝒙=𝟑+𝟔
𝒙 =9
EXAMPLE: 𝟑𝒙
𝟐 =𝟏𝟔 𝟏− 𝒙
𝟑𝒙 𝟏−𝒙
𝟐 =(𝟐 ¿ ¿ 𝟒) ¿
𝟑 𝒙=𝟒(𝟏 − 𝒙)
𝟑 𝒙=𝟒 −𝟒 𝒙
𝟕 𝒙=𝟒
4
𝒙=
7
EXAMPLE:
𝟐
𝒙 𝒙+𝟑
𝟗 =𝟑
𝟐
𝟐
𝒙
(𝟑¿¿ 𝟐) =𝟑 ¿ 𝒙 +𝟑
𝟐 𝒙 = 𝒙 +𝟑
𝟐
𝟐 𝒙 − 𝒙 +𝟑=𝟎
( 𝟐 𝒙 −𝟑 ) ( 𝒙 +𝟏 )=𝟎
𝟐 𝒙 −𝟑=𝟎 𝒙 +𝟏=𝟎𝒙 =−𝟏
𝟐 𝒙 =𝟑 3
𝟑 𝒙 = , 𝑥=− 1
𝒙=
𝟐 2
 GRAPHING
EXPONENTIAL
FUNCTIONS
11.10.20
PROPERTIES OF EXPONENTIAL EXPRESSION
• The domain is the set of all real numbers.
• The range is the set of all positive real numbers.
• It is a one-to-one function. It satisfies the
horizontal line test.
• The y-intercept is 1. There is no x-intercept.
• The HA is the line y=0 (or the x-axis). There is
no VA.
• The function is increasing if and decreasing if
Sketch the graph of
𝒙
𝒇 ( 𝒙 )=𝟐
𝟏
𝒙 −𝟐
𝟒
𝟏
𝒚 =𝟐 ¿ 𝟐
𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
𝟏 ¿ 𝟐 ¿
𝟐 𝟐 𝟒
𝟒
 𝒙
𝒇 ( 𝒙 )=𝟐 Domain: Set of all real numbers.
Range: Set of all positive real
numbers.

Y-intercept:

There is no x-intercept

Horizontal Asymptote:

Since the function is

increasing.
Sketch the graph of

𝟒
𝒇 ( 𝒙 )=¿
𝒙
𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 −𝟐
𝒚= ¿( )
𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏
𝟐 𝟏
𝟐
¿𝟐 ¿𝟒
𝟒
 𝒙
𝟏
𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) =( ) Domain: Set of all real numbers.
𝟐
Range: Set of all positive real
numbers.

Y-intercept:

There is no x-intercept

Horizontal Asymptote:

Since the function is

decreasing.
 ASSIGNMENT!
A. Complete the following tables for

𝟏 𝟏
𝟗 𝟑 𝟏 𝟑 𝟗
𝟗 𝟑 𝟏 𝟏
𝟑
𝟏
𝟗
 ASSIGNMENT!
B. Sketch the graph of

C. For each function; identify the

domain, range, y-intercept, and
horizontal asymptote.
 𝒙
𝒙 𝟏
𝒇 ( 𝒙 )=𝟑 𝒈 ( 𝒙 ) =(
𝟑
)

Domain: Set of all real numbers.

Range: Set of all positive real numbers.

Y-intercept:

Horizontal Asymptote:
EXPONENTIAL
INEQUALITY

11.10.20
PROPERTY OF EXPONENTIAL INEQUALITIES

• If , then the exponential function is increasing for

all This means that if and only if
• If then the exponential function is decreasing for
all This means that if and only if
 RULES FOR SOLVING INEQUALITIES
• If the same real number is added to or subtracted
from both sides of an inequality, the sense of the
inequality is not changed.
• If both side of an inequality are multiplied by or
divided by the same positive real number, the sense
of the inequality is not changed.
• If both side of an inequality are multiplied by or
divided by the same negative real number the sense
of the inequality is changed.
EXAMPLE: 𝒙+𝟏
𝟑 >𝟖𝟏
𝒙+𝟏 𝟒
Since the
base is the 𝟑 >𝟑
Thus,
direction of
the
𝒙+𝟏> 𝟒 the
inequality is
retained.
𝒙> 𝟒 −𝟏 solution
𝒙> 𝟑 set is
EXAMPLE: 𝟒 𝒙+𝟏
𝟐 ≤𝟓𝟏𝟐
𝟒 𝒙+𝟏 𝟗
Since the
base is the
𝟐 ≤𝟐 Thus,
direction of 𝟒 𝒙 +𝟏 ≤ 𝟗 the
the
inequality is
𝟒 𝒙 ≤ 𝟗 −𝟏 solution
retained. 𝟒𝒙≤𝟖 set is
𝒙≤𝟐
 EXAMPLE: 𝒙 𝒙 −𝟐
𝟑 <𝟗
𝒙
𝟑 <(𝟑 ¿ ¿ 𝟐) ¿ 𝒙 −𝟐 𝒙< 𝟐 𝒙 −𝟒
𝒙
𝟑 <𝟑 𝟐 𝒙−𝟒 𝒙 −𝟐 𝒙 <−𝟒
Since the base − 𝒙 <−𝟒 𝒙> 𝟒
is the direction
of the Thus, the solution set is
inequality is
retained.
EXAMPLE: 𝒙+𝟓 𝟑𝒙
𝟏 𝟏
( ) ≥( )
𝟐 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟏 𝟏 𝒙+𝟓 𝟐(𝟑 𝒙 )
=( )
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟏 𝟏
Since the base is ( ) ≥( )
the direction of 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
𝒙+𝟓 𝟔𝒙
the inequality is 𝟏 𝟏
reversed. ( ) ≥( )
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
EXAMPLE: 𝟏 𝒙+𝟓
𝟏 𝟑𝒙
( ) ≥( )
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎
Since the base is
the direction of 𝒙 +𝟓 ≤ 𝟔 𝒙
the inequality is
reversed.
𝒙 −𝟔 𝒙 ≤− 𝟓
−𝟓 𝒙 ≥ −𝟓
𝒙≥𝟏
Thus, the solution set is
 ASSIGNMENT!
𝒙 −𝟏
Solve the 𝟏 ¿ .𝟐 >𝟑𝟐
following
𝒙 +𝟑
exponential
inequalities.
𝟐 ¿ .𝟓 ≥ 𝟐𝟓
𝒙 +𝟏
𝟑 𝟐𝟓
𝟑 ¿ .( ) ≥
𝟓 𝟗
LOGARITHMS

11.17.20
 LOGARITHMS

• From the word “LOGOS” and

“ARITHMOS.
• Introduced by JOHN NAPIER.
• It is the exponent or power to which
a base must be raised to yield a given
number.
 LOGARITHMS

• Let a, b, and c be positive real

numbers such that b1. The logarithm
of a with base b is denoted by and is
defined as
if and only if
 LOGARITHMS
𝑪𝑶𝑴𝑴𝑶𝑵 𝑳𝑶𝑮𝑨𝑹𝑰𝑻𝑯𝑴𝑺
If the base is 10, then

𝑵𝑨𝑻𝑼𝑹𝑨𝑳 𝑳𝑶𝑮𝑨𝑹𝑰𝑻𝑯𝑴𝑺
If the base is the Euler number (which is
approximately equal to 2.71828),
then
Write exponential equation in logarithmic form.
EXPONENTIAL FORM LOGARITHMIC FORM

𝟐 =𝟑𝟐𝟓
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 𝟑𝟐=𝟓
𝟑
𝟏𝟎 =𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟏𝟎 𝟏 𝟎𝟎𝟎=𝟑
𝒏
𝟏𝟎 =𝒎 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒎= 𝒏
𝟐
(− 𝟓) =𝟐𝟓 Cannot be written

𝒆 𝟐
=𝒙 𝒍𝒏 𝒙 =𝟐
EXAMPLE:
𝒍𝒐𝒈 2 𝟖=𝟑 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒆𝟐 =¿ 8
𝟑

𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟑 𝟗=𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒆𝟑 =¿

𝟐 9
𝟏 −𝟐 𝟏 1
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 =−𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒆𝟐 =¿ 𝟐 =¿ 4
𝟒 𝟐
EXAMPLE: 𝟒
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒆𝟏𝟎
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟎𝟎𝟎=𝟒 10 000
−𝟒
𝟏
𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟏 𝟖𝟏=−𝟒 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒆 ( ) =¿ 𝟑
𝟑
𝟒

𝟑 81
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐𝟖 𝟏=𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒆𝟐𝟖 =¿ 𝟎 1
EXAMPLE: Evaluate the following logarithms.
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟑 𝟐𝟕 𝟑 =𝟐𝟕 𝒙

𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝒙 =𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟑 𝟐𝟕
𝒙
𝟑 =𝟐𝟕
𝒙 𝟑
𝟑 =𝟑
𝒙 =𝟑 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟑 𝟐𝟕=𝟑
EXAMPLE: Evaluate the following logarithms.
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟓 𝟔𝟐𝟓 𝟓 =𝟔𝟐𝟓 𝒙

𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝒙=𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟓 𝟔𝟐𝟓

𝒙
𝟓 =𝟔𝟐𝟓
𝒙 𝟒
𝟑 =𝟓
𝒙 =𝟒 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟓 𝟔𝟐𝟓=𝟒
EXAMPLE: Evaluate the following logarithms.
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 √ 𝟓 =𝟓 √ 𝟓
𝒙

𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝒙=𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 √ 𝟓 =𝟓 √ 𝟓
𝒙
𝟏 𝟏
𝒙
𝟓 =𝟓• 𝟓 𝟐 𝒙 =𝟏+
𝟐
𝟑 𝟑
𝟓 𝟓 √ 𝟓=
𝒙= 𝒍𝒐𝒈
𝟐 𝟐
EXAMPLE: Evaluate the following logarithms.
𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟎 . 𝟎𝟏 𝟏𝟎 =𝟎 . 𝟎𝟏 𝒙

𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝒙=𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟎 .𝟎𝟏

𝒙
𝟏𝟎 =𝟎 . 𝟎𝟏
𝒙 −𝟐
𝟏𝟎 =𝟏𝟎
𝒙 =−𝟐 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟎.𝟎𝟏=−𝟐
 QUIZ: A. Find the value of the
following logarithmic expressions.
(SHOW YOUR SOLUTION)

𝟏 . 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟑 𝟖𝟏 (𝟓 𝒑𝒕𝒔)
 QUIZ: B. Rewrite the following
expressions in logarithmic form.
𝟒
𝟏 .𝟐 =𝟏𝟔
−𝟐 𝟏
𝟐 .𝟑 =
𝟗
 QUIZ: B. Rewrite the following
expressions in exponential form.

𝟏 . 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟑 𝟗=𝟐
𝟏
𝟐 . 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟏𝟔 𝟒=
𝟐
TO BE SUBMITTED
TODAY UNTIL 3PM.
BASIC PROPERTIES OF LOGARITHMS
Let b and x be real numbers such that and the basic
properties of logarithms are follows:

𝟏 . 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒃 𝟏=𝟎
𝒙
𝟐 . 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒃 𝒃 =𝒙
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒃 𝒙
𝟑. 𝑰𝒇 𝒙>𝟎,𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒃 =𝒙
EXAMPLE: Evaluate the following logarithms.

𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟏𝟎 ¿ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟏
¿𝟏
𝒙
𝟐 . 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒃 𝒃 =𝒙

𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟒 𝟔𝟒 ¿ 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟒 𝟒 𝟑
¿𝟑
𝒙
𝟐 . 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒃 𝒃 =𝒙
EXAMPLE: Evaluate the following logarithms.

𝟓
𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟓 𝟐
¿𝟐
𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒃 𝒙
𝟑 . 𝑰𝒇 𝒙>𝟎 ,𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒃 =𝒙

𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟏 ¿ 𝟎
𝟏 . 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒃 𝟏=𝟎
QUIZ: Use the basic properties of logarithms to
find the value of the following.

𝟏 . 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟕 𝟕
𝟐
𝒙
𝟐 . 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟏𝟎
𝟑 . 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟑 𝟏
 LAWS OF
LOGARITHM
LOGARITHM OF A PRODUCT
The logarithm of a product is equal to the sum
of the logarithms of its factors.
LAW 1
𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒃 𝒙𝒚 =𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒃 𝒙+𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒃 𝒚
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE: Expand

𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 𝟓 𝒙
𝑙𝑜𝑔2 5+𝑙𝑜𝑔2 𝑥
EXAMPLE: Reduce

𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟑 ( 𝒙 )+ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟑 ( 𝒙 +𝟒)

2
𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑥 + 4 𝑥
LOGARITHM OF A QUOTIENT
The logarithm of a quotient is equal to the logarithms
of the numerator minus the logarithm of denominator.
LAW 2

𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒃
EXAMPLE:
( )𝒙
𝒚
=𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒃 𝒙 − 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒃 𝒚
EXAMPLE: Expand
𝟓
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐
𝒙
𝑙𝑜𝑔2 5 −𝑙𝑜𝑔2 𝑥
EXAMPLE: Reduce

𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟓 𝒚 −𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟓 𝒛
𝑦
𝑙𝑜𝑔5
𝑧
 LOGARITHM OF A POWER
The logarithm of a power is is equal to the product
of the exponent and the logarithm of the base x.

LAW 3
𝒏
𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒃 𝒙 =𝒏 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒃 𝒙
EXAMPLE:
𝟐
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟓 𝟔 =𝟐 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟓 𝟔
EXAMPLE: Expand
𝟑
𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟒 𝟗

3 𝑙𝑜𝑔4 9
EXAMPLE: Reduce

𝟖 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟑 𝟐
8
𝑙𝑜𝑔3 2
EXAMPLE: Use the properties of logarithms to expand each
expression in terms of the logarithms of the factors.

𝟐
𝒍𝒐𝒈 (𝒂 𝒃 )
𝒍𝒐𝒈 ( 𝒂 𝒃 ) =𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒂+𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒃
𝟐 𝟐
LAW 1

¿ 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒂+𝟐 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒃 LAW 3

𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒂+𝟐 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒃
EXAMPLE: Use the properties of logarithms to expand each expression in
terms of the logarithms of the factors.

𝟐
𝒆 LAW 2
𝒍𝒐𝒈 ( ) ¿ 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒆 𝟐 − 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟒
𝟒
LAW 3
¿ 𝟐 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒆 − 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟒
2 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝑒 − log 4
EXAMPLE: Use the properties of logarithms to expand each expression in
terms of the logarithms of the factors.
𝟑
𝟑 𝟑
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟑 ( ) ¿ 𝟑 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟑 ( )
𝒙
LAW 3
𝒙
¿ 𝟑(𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟑 𝟑 −𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟑 𝒙 ) LAW 2
¿ 𝟑(𝟏 − 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟑 𝒙 ) 𝟐 . 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒃 𝒃 =𝒙
𝒙

𝟑 −𝟑 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟑 𝒙
LOGARITHMIC
FUNCTION

11..20
LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION

• The logarithmic function of base

where has the form
where

The variable is also called the

argument of logarithm.
 𝒚
Sketch the graph of 𝟐 =𝒙
𝟏 𝟏
x
𝟒 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟒
y -2 -1 0 1 2

−𝟐 −𝟏
𝟐 =𝒙 𝟐 =𝒙
𝟏 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏
𝒙 =( ) ¿ 𝒙 =( ) ¿
𝟐 𝟒 𝟐 𝟐
𝒇 ( 𝒙 )=𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 𝒙
𝒇 ( 𝒙 )=𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒆 𝒙=𝒍𝒏 𝒙
𝒇 ( 𝒙 )=𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟏 𝒙
𝟐
 LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION
• The graph shows that the functions is a one-to-one
function.
• The domain is the set of all positive real numbers.
• The range is the set of all real numbers.
• The graph is asymptote to the y-axis.
• The graph always passes through the point (1, 0).
• The graph has x-intercept of x=1;
it has no y-intercept.
• Whenever the graph has an increasing trend.
• Whenever the graph has a decreasing trend.
LOGARITHMIC
EQUATION

11.24.20
Write exponential equation in logarithmic form.

LOGARITHMIC FORM EXPONENTIAL FORM

𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟓 𝒙 =𝟒 𝟓 =𝒙 𝟐

𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 𝟔𝟒=𝟔 𝟔
𝟐 =𝟔𝟒
𝒙
𝒄 =𝑻
 Solve:
𝟐 𝒙 =𝟏𝟎
𝒙 =𝟓
CHECK:
𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟒 𝟐(𝟓)=𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟒 𝟏𝟎
𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟒 𝟏𝟎=𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟒 𝟏𝟎
 Solve:
𝟑 CHECK:
𝒙 +𝟖=𝟓
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟓 ( 𝟏𝟏𝟕+𝟖 ) =𝟑
𝒙+𝟖=𝟏𝟐𝟓
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟓 𝟏𝟐𝟓=𝟑
𝒙=𝟏𝟐𝟓 − 𝟖
𝟑
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟓 𝟓 =𝟑
𝒙=𝟏𝟏𝟕
𝟑= 𝟑
 Solve:
𝟐 CHECK:
𝟐 𝒙 −𝟏=𝟑
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟑 ( 𝟐 •𝟓 ) −𝟏=𝟐
𝟐 𝒙 −𝟏=𝟗
𝟐 𝒙 =𝟗+𝟏 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟑 𝟗=𝟐
𝟐
𝟐 𝒙 =𝟏𝟎 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟑 𝟑 =𝟐

𝒙 =𝟓 𝟐= 𝟐
 Solve:
𝟐 CHECK:
𝒙 =𝟏𝟔
𝟐 𝒍𝒐𝒈− 𝟒 𝟏𝟔=𝟐
𝒙 −𝟏𝟔=𝟎
( 𝒙 +𝟒 ) ( 𝒙 −𝟒 )=𝟎 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟒 𝟏𝟔=𝟐
𝒙=−𝟒 𝒐𝒓 𝟒 𝟐
𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟒 𝟒 =𝟐
𝟐= 𝟐
 Solve:
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 ( 𝒙 +𝟏)( 𝒙 −𝟏)=𝟑
𝟑
( 𝒙 +𝟏)( 𝒙 −𝟏)=𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
𝒙 −𝟏=𝟖 𝒙 −𝟏=𝟖
( 𝒙 +𝟑)( 𝒙 −𝟑)=𝟎
𝒙=−𝟑 𝒐𝒓 𝟑
 Solve:
CHECK: 𝒙=−𝟑 𝒐𝒓 𝟑
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 (𝟑+𝟏)(𝟑 −𝟏)=𝟑
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 (𝟒)(𝟐)=𝟑
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 𝟖=𝟑 𝟑
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 𝟐 =𝟑
𝟑= 𝟑
LOGARITHMIC
INEQUALITIES

11..20
 LOGARITHMIC INEQUALITIES
Important Properties
• If and
then
(reversed the inequality symbol)
• If , and
then
(retained the inequality symbol)
 Solve:
𝟓
𝒃> 𝟏 ,𝟑> 𝟏 𝒙≤𝟑
𝒙>𝟎
𝒙 ≤ 𝟐𝟒𝟑
𝟎< 𝒙 ≤𝟐𝟒𝟑
¿
 Solve:
𝒃> 𝟏 ,𝟒 >𝟏 𝟔
𝒙≥𝟒
𝒙>𝟎
𝒙 ≥ 𝟒 𝟎𝟗𝟔
¿
 Solve:
𝟐
𝒃> 𝟏 ,𝟔> 𝟏 𝒙 +𝟖 ≤ 𝟔
𝒙 +𝟖> 𝟎 𝒙 +𝟖 ≤ 𝟑𝟔
𝒙> −𝟖 𝒙 ≤ 𝟐𝟖
−𝟖< 𝒙 ≤ 𝟐𝟖
¿
 Solve:
𝒃> 𝟏 ,𝟑> 𝟏 𝟐 𝒙 −𝟏> 𝒙+𝟐
𝟐 𝒙 −𝟏>𝟎
2 𝟐 𝒙 − 𝒙 >𝟐+𝟏
𝒙>
𝟏 𝒙>𝟑
𝟐
𝒙 +𝟐> 𝟎 (𝟑 , ∞ )
𝒙> −𝟐
 Solve:
𝒃> 𝟏 ,𝟓> 𝟏 𝟑 𝒙+𝟐<𝟐 𝒙 +𝟓
𝟑 𝒙 +𝟐<𝟎
𝟑 𝒙 <− 𝟐 𝟑 𝒙 −𝟐 𝒙 <𝟓− 𝟐
𝒙<−𝟐/𝟑 𝒙<𝟑
𝟐 𝒙 +𝟓<𝟎 −𝟐/ 𝟑> 𝒙 <𝟑
𝟐 𝒙 <− 𝟓
𝒙 < −𝟓/ 𝟐 (−𝟐/𝟑 , 𝟑)