ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

PRINCIPLES I

Lecture 06 – Inductance and Inductors

T. Subashini De Silva
subashini.d@slit.lk
Department Of Electrical & Computer Engineering
Faculty Of Engineering
Sri Lanka Institute Of Information Technology
Inductance and induced voltage
Inductance is caused due to the magnetic field created by a current carrying inductor

When the current flows through the inductor

 is constant –
the magnetic field generated is constant → flux linking the coil does not change → induced voltage = 0 V

 is increasing –
the magnetic field changes → voltage induces (induced voltage α the rate of change in the magnetic field)
increasing current creates an increasing opposing voltage (induced voltage only opposes the changes in current
and prevents abrupt changes in current)
this opposing voltage is named as counter emf or back voltage
Current changes gradually

 is decreasing –
magnetic field collapses → produces a voltage that tries to keep the current going
 The induced voltage (e) α Rate of change in current (di / dt)

Self Inductance
o is the ratio of voltage induced in a coil to the rate of change of current producing it
o Measured in Henries (H)

Definition
the inductance of a coil is one henry if the voltage created by its changing current is one volt when its
current changes at the rate of one ampere per second.
 in practice the induced voltage of a coil (e) is denoted as vL

Ex. 01
Current through a 10 mH inductance is shown below. Determine the voltage across the inductor
and sketch the waveform.
Inductances in Series and Parallel

Ex. 02
Determine Lx if total inductance (LT) of the network is 2.25 H.
Ideal and Non-ideal Inductor
In steady state DC an Ideal Inductor acts as a short circuit and the voltage across it have a zero
value.
A Non-ideal Inductor in steady state DC a voltage will rise due to the series resistance.
Ex. 03
Calculate the steady state current (I)

Ex. 04
Find the voltage across the capacitor assuming steady state dc.
Energy stored by an inductance
When power flows in to an inductor Energy get stored in its magnetic field, and when the field
collapses energy released to the circuit.

In an Ideal Inductor Rl = 0 Ω → no power dissipated → power loss

Instantaneous value of
current

At steady state

Steady state current

Inductive Transient

 Current through the inductor increase gradually → Continuity of current for inductance
 Larger the inductance longer the transition takes
At t = 0 s,

Current through the inductor = 0 A

Voltage across the inductor = E Inductor acts as an open circuit

Initial condition
circuit

Ex. 05
Draw the initial condition circuit.
Determine the source current (i) and the inductor voltage (vL) at the instant
the switch is closed.
Energizing Transients

hence

Time constant (τ) = L / R (s)

hence,
 Helps to limit the size of
the induced voltage

In the above indicated circuit just before the switch is opened,

current through the inductor → maximum value (I0)

voltage across the inductor → minimum value (zero voltage)

hence,
De-energizing Transients

hence

Using calculus,

Time constant ( τ’ ) = L / (R1 + R2) (s)

hence,