Earth

• The third planet in the solar system

• According to radiometric dating, it is
said to be 4.56 billion years old
• Revolves the sun around 365-366 days
• The only planet to harbor life.
Earth Science
It is also called as “geoscience” it is the study
of the Earth’s characteristics and behavior
Why is the Earth habitable?
• It has a right distance from the sun
• It has a strong magnetic field that shields us from the
electromagnetic radiation coming from the sun
• It is protected by plate tectonics from the very hot
temperature of the Core
• It has the right chemical materials that could support
life
• The presence of oxygen in the atmosphere
• Right atmospheric conditions.
Earth’s System as a Closed System
Closed system—it means that the something gets
what it wants but neither it returns it back.
The Earth gets energy or heat from the Sun but it
returns only some of the energy back to space.
Cycles
• It is one of the major themes of the Earths
subsystems
• It is the process wherein the material in the
Earth system was continuously recycled in
numerous overlapping cycles.
Atmospheric Circulation
It is the cycle happening in the atmosphere that is a way
of redistributing the heat from the sun to the surface of
the Earth.
Hydrological Cycle (Water Cycle)
• It is the cycle that explains the continuous
movement of the water, above or below the
Earth’ surface
• It is also involves the transfer of energy
(evaporation to condensation)
• The sun is the driving agent of this cycle,.
Process of Hydrological Cycle
• Evaporation
• Condensation
• Precipitation
• Infiltration
Tectonic Plates
• These are rocky parts of the lithosphere
that are divided into numerous plates due
to the drifting of the plates as times goes
by.
• Estimated to move about 1-16cm per year.
 The Pioneers of the
Continental Drift Theory
Crust
• It is Earth’s outermost and thinnest layer
• It is the layer of the Earth where life exists
• It comprises of 1% of the Earth’s volume
• Two types of Earth Crust: Oceanic (Ocean
bases) and Continental (found beneath
the continents)
• Temperatures ranges from 200-400 degree
Celsius.
Mohorovicic Discontinuity (Moho)
• It is the boundary of the crust and the mantle
• Discovered by Croation seismologist Andrija
Mohorovicic in 1909
• Showed there are two kinds of seismic waves:
• P-waves (first arrive but slowly)
• S-waves (last arrived but faster)
Mantle
• Also called as “Sima”
• The biggest part of the Earth in terms of depth
and volume
• The mantle is 2,900 km thick
• The average temperature is 3,000 degree
Celcius
Outer Core
• It is the fluid (magma-like) part of the Core
• It is 2,890-5,000km beneath the Earth’s surface
• The temperature of the outer core ranges from
4,500-6,000 degree Celcius
• This is the layer that creats the Earths magnetic
field.
Inner Core
• It is the deepest part of the Earth and made up
of iron-nickel alloy
• The average temperature of the Inner Core is
5,500 degree Celsius.
• Unlike the Outer Core, it is solid due to the
pressure created by the total weigh of the
three other layers.
The Biosphere
The biosphere is the largest ecosystem,
because is made of Earth planet and all
the living and non-living things that
inhabit it.
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
1. The plant draws up water (H2O) through its roots
2. The leaves take in CO@ from the air
3. The leaves trap energy from the sunlight
4. The plant uses the energy of the sunlight to turn
water and CO2 into sugar and oxygen
5. The plant releases oxygen into the air.
6. The plant uses the sugars for growth,
development and reproduction.