LIFE ON

EARTH
Learning Targets : At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to
Recognize the difference in the physical and chemical properties between the
Earth and its neighboring planes; and Identify the factors that allow a planet to
support life.
Earth is the only
habitable planet in
our solar system.
Existence of Liquid Resources
may originate from volcanism or from
icy meteors from space;

water exists in three (3) phases on earth

– liquid, solid (ice) and gas (water
vapor)
Atmosphere
 Gravity is responsible for having atmosphere

 Traps certain amount of heat from the sun to

warm the earth (greenhouse effect)

 Protects the earth from too much radiation from

the sun
Heat Source
Radiogenic heat – comes from
the earth’s core – a
thermonuclear reactor
Sunlight – another source of
heath from the sun
Goldilocks Zone
• The habitable zone is the belt around a star
where temperatures are ideal for liquid water
-- an essential ingredient for life as we know
it -- to pool on a planet's surface. Earth lies
within the habitable zone of our star, the sun.
 Beyond this zone, a planet would
probably be too cold and frozen for life
(though it's possible life could be buried
underneath a moon's surface). A planet
lying between a star and the habitable
zone would likely be too hot and steamy.
Learning Experience
Write an essay on how possible to
have existence of life in different
planets. (20 pts)
EARTH
SUBSYSTEMS
Learning Targets : To recognize the Earth as a system
composed of subsystems
Earth as a System
System is a set of interconnected
components that are interacting to
form a unified whole. Basically, Earth
system is essentially a closed system
with four (4) components
Atmosphere
• The atmosphere is the thin gaseous layer that envelopes
the lithosphere.
• The present atmosphere is composed of 78% nitrogen
(N), 21% oxygen (O2), 0.9% argon, and trace amount of
other gases. One of the most important processes by
which the heat on the Earth's surface is redistributed is
through atmospheric circulation.
Geosphere (Lithosphere)
•The geosphere or lithosphere
includes the rocks of the crust and
mantle, the metallic liquid outer core,
and the solid metallic inner core.
Tectonics Plate an important process
shaping the surface of the Earth.
•The primary driving mechanism is the
Earth's internal heat, such as that in
mantle convection. is fresh: two-thirds
are in the form of ice (cryosphere),
and the remaining one-third is present
in streams, lakes, and groundwater.
Biosphere
• Thebiosphere is the set of all life forms
on Earth. It covers all ecosystems—from
the soil to the rainforest, from
mangroves to coral reefs, and from the
plankton-rich ocean surface to the deep
sea.
Hydrosphere
• About 70% of the Earth is covered with
liquid water (hydrosphere) and much of
it is in the form of ocean water.
 Only 3% of Earth's water is fresh: two-
thirds are in the form of ice (cryosphere),
and the remaining one-third is present in
streams, lakes, and groundwater.
Learning Experience
Draw an example that shows
interaction between the 4 Earth
Subsystem. (30 pts)
STRUCTURE OF
THE EARTH
Learning Targets : To identify the layers of the
Earth (crust, mantle, core).
Our Planet, the Earth is made up of different layers.
Each layer of the Earth has unique properties. In 1692,
Edmond Halley put forth the idea of a hollow Earth
consisting of a shell about 500 miles (800 km) thick,
two inner concentric shells and an innermost core. He
suggested that atmospheres separated these shells, and
that each shell had its own magnetic poles, with each
sphere rotating at a different speed.
The 3 Major Layers of Earth:

Crust (1.4% of Earth’s volume)

Mantle (82.5% of Earth’s volume)

Core (16.1% of Earth’s volume)

Crust
• TheEarth’s outermost layer, its crust, is
rocky and rigid. There are two kinds of
crust: continental crust, and ocean crust.
Continental crust is thicker, and
predominantly felsic in composition,
meaning that it contains minerals that are
richer in silica.
•The composition is important
because it makes continental crust
less dense than ocean crust.core is
solid because the pressure at that
depth is so high that it keeps the
core from melting.
Mantle
• Themantle is almost entirely solid rock,
but it is in constant motion, flowing very
slowly. It is ultramafic in composition,
meaning it has even more iron and
magnesium than mafic rocks, and even
less silica.
•Although the mantle has a similar chemical
composition throughout, it has layers with
different mineral compositions and different
physical properties. It can have different
mineral compositions and still be the same in
chemical composition because the increasing
pressure deeper in the mantle causes mineral
structures to be reconfigured.
Core
• Thecore is primarily composed of iron,
with lesser amounts of nickel. Lighter
elements such as sulfur, oxygen, or
silicon may also be present. The core is
extremely hot (~3500° to more than
6000°C).
•But despite the fact that the boundary
between the inner and outer core is
approximately as hot as the surface of the
sun, only the outer core is liquid. The
inner core is solid because the pressure at
that depth is so high that it keeps the core
from melting.
Learning Experience
Illustrate a Concept Map that
show the different layers of the
Earth including its properties.
 SUBMIT YOUR LAS WITH THE CORRECT
FILENAME FORMAT (SURNAME-WK#-LAS#) ON
OR BEFORE 11:59PM TOMORROW.
&