MODULE 1A

SECOND
PHASE OF THE
REVOLUTION
TO THE
MALOLOS
REPUBLIC
HIMAGSIKANG
PILIPINO
1896/1898

 Jose Rizal was executed by Spain in

December 1896.
 The Philippine Revolution will continue
even after the demise of Andres
Bonifacio (executed in May 1897).
 May 1897: Emilio Aguinaldo will
establish the revolutionary government
which was called the Republic of Biak
na Bato

Photo credit: Wikipedia, <bwordonline.com>, <alchetron.com>

BIAK
NA
BATO
REPUB
LIC
BIAK NA BATO
REPUBLIC
 In July 1897, Aguinaldo established the
Biak-na-Bato Republic by means of the
Proclamation of Biak na Bato.
 A charter based on the Cuban
Constitution was also drafted by Felix
Ferrer and Isabelo Artacho. It was signed
on November 1, 1897.
 The Biak-na-Bato Constitution provided
for the establishment of a Supreme
council that would serve as the highest
governing body of the Republic. It also
outlined certain basic human rights,
such as freedom of religion, freedom of
the press, and the right to education.
Emilio Aguinaldo and Mariano Trias were
elected Supreme Council president and
vice president, respectively.
  December 1897 Pact of Biak na Bato

PACT OF  Pedro Paterno acted as an intermediary between the

revolutionary government and Spain
BIAK NA  A truce ensued between Emilio Aguinaldo, the revolutionary
BATO leader, and then Gov.-Gen. Primo de Rivera
 Signed in San Miguel, Bulacan
 PACT OF BIAK NA BATO

According to historian Teodoro Agoncillo:

 That Aguinaldo and his companions would go into voluntary exile
abroad.
 That Governor-General Primo de Rivera would pay the sum of
P1,700,000 to the rebels in three installments:
 $400,000 (Mexican) to Aguinaldo upon his departure from Biak-na-Bató
 $200,000 (Mexican) when the arms surrendered by the revolutionists
amounted to 800 stand,
 the remaining $200,000 (Mexican) when the arms surrendered
amounted to 1,000 stand, Te Deum in the Cathedral in Manila as
thanksgiving for the restoration of peace
 That Primo de Rivera would pay the additional sum of P900,000 to
the families of the non-combatant Filipinos who suffered during
the armed conflict.
PACT OF BIAK NA
BATO
According to Emilio Aguinaldo, writing in his True
Version of the Philippine Revolution, the principal
conditions of the pact were:

 That I would, and any of my associates who

desired to go with me, be free to live in any foreign
country. Having fixed upon Hong Kong as my
place of residence, it was agreed that payment of
the indemnity of $800,000 (Mexican) should be
made in three installments, namely, $400,000
when all the arms in Biak-na-Bató were delivered
to the Spanish authorities; $200,000 when the
arms surrendered amounted to eight hundred
stand; the final payment to be made when one
thousand stand of arms shall have been handed
over to the authorities and the Te Deum sung in
the Cathedral in Manila as thanksgiving for the
restoration of peace. The latter part of February
was fixed as the limit of time wherein the
surrender of arms should be completed.
PACT OF BIAK NA
BATO
According to Emilio Aguinaldo, writing in his True
Version of the Philippine Revolution, the principal
conditions of the pact were:

 The whole of the money was to be paid to

me personally, leaving the disposal of the
money to my discretion and knowledge of
the understanding with my associates and
other insurgents.
 Prior to evacuating Biak-na-bató the
remainder of the insurgent forces under
Captain-General Primo de Rivera should
send to Biak-na-bató two General of the
Spanish Army to be held as hostages by my
associates who remained there until I and a
few of my compatriots arrived in Hong Kong
and the first installment of the money
payment (namely, four hundred thousand
dollars) was paid to me.
THE
NEGOTIA
TORS
OF THE
PACT OF
BIAK NA
BATO
PACT OF BIAK NA BATO
HIMAGSIKAN
G PILIPINO
LIVES ON
 However, the struggles of the
People have not ended. Some of
the generals of the revolution
continued to wage the
Himagsikang Pilipino.
 Miguel Malvar took the reins of
the revolutionary cause in
Batangas and Cavite area upon
Aguinaldo’s capture and bowed
down only in 1902.
 Macario Sacay was arrested by
the Americans and was
sentenced to death and executed
in 1907.
 Simeon Ola, revolutionary leader
in Bicol, only surrendered on
September 5, 1903.
Photo credit: Wikipedia, <bicolstandard.com>
REVOLUTION: 2ND PHASE

 Thus the American and Spanish war ensued in April 25 1898.

 Acting upon the "promise" of the American consul to recognize
the independence of the Philippines once the Spaniards were
removed, Aguinaldo joined Admiral Dewey's forces in attacking
Manila.
 the United States Navy's Asiatic Squadron was in Hong Kong,
and commanded by Commodore George Dewey, it sailed for
the Philippines. On May 1, 1898, in the Battle of Manila Bay,
the squadron engaged attacked and destroyed the Spanish
Pacific Squadron and proceeded to blockade Manila.
 Dewey agreed to transport Aguinaldo from Hong Kong to the
Philippines aboard the USS McCulloch, which left Hong Kong
with Aguinaldo on 16 May arriving in Cavite on 19 May.
Aguinaldo promptly resumed command of revolutionary forces
and besieged Manila.