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Percentage by mass
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How do you solve for a compound’s percentage by

mass? And what is mass percentage?

 Mass percent is used as a way of expressing a concentration or a way of

describing a component in a mixture. For a solution, the mass percent is
expressed as the grams of solute divided by the grams of solution, then
multiplied by 100 to get a percentage.

 To calculate the mass percent of an element in a compound, we divide

the mass of the element in 1 mole of the compound by the compound's
molar mass and multiply the result by 100.
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General Formula of Percentage by mass

Mass percent = (component’s mass

÷ total mass) x 100%
or
Percentage of mass = (solute’s
mass ÷ mass of solution) x 100%
 Percentage by mass

Mass percentage is one way of

representing the concentration
of an element in a compound
or a component in a mixture.
GENERATING SAMPLE PROBLEMS…

LOADING
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Sample #1

Ordinary bleach is 5.25% NaOCl

by mass, which means each 100 g
of bleach contains 5.25 g NaOCl.
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Sample problem #2

Find the mass percentage of 6 g sodium

hydroxide dissolved in 50 g of water.
(Note: since the density of water is nearly 1, this
type of question often gives the volume of water in
millilitres.)
First find the total mass of the solution:
total mass = 6 g sodium hydroxide + 50 g water
total mass = 56 g

Now, you can find the mass percentage of the sodium hydroxide
using the formula:
mass percent = (grams of solute / grams of solution) x 100
mass percent = (6 g NaOH / 56 g solution) x 100
mass percent = (0.1074) x 100
answer = 10.74% NaOH
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Sample problem #3

Find the masses of sodium chloride

and water required to obtain 175 g of
a 15% solution.
Start with the usual equation and fill in the
given information:
mass percent = (grams solute / grams solution) x 100
15% = (x grams sodium chloride / 175 g total) x 100

Solving for x will give you the amount of NaCl:

x = 15 x 175 / 100
x = 26.25 grams NaCl
So, now you know how much salt is needed. The solution consists
of the sum of the amount of salt and water. Simply subtract the
mass of salt from the solution to obtain the mass of water that is
required:

mass of water = total mass - mass of salt

mass of water = 175 g - 26.25 g

mass of water = 147.75 g

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Sample problem #4

What is the mass percent of

hydrogen in water?
First, you need the formula for water, which is H2O. Next
you look up the mass for 1 mole of hydrogen and oxygen
(the atomic masses) using a periodic table.

Hydrogen (H) mass = 1.008 grams per mole

Oxygen (O) mass = 16.00 grams per mole
Solution: mass percent = (mass of element in 1 mole of
compound / mass of 1 mole of compound) x 100

mass percent of H = [(2 x 1.008) / (2 x 1.008 + 16.00)] x 100

mass percent of H = (2.016 / 18.016) x 100

mass percentage of hydrogen in water = 11.19%

START
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Calculate the percent composition of each element.

1. Sucrose [C12H22O11]

2. Proline [C5H9NO2]
 Check your answers!
1. Sucrose ------------ C12H22O11

% of C = 42.1%
% of H = 6.5 %
% of O = 51.4 %

2. Proline ------------- C5H9NO2

% of C = 52.16 %
% of H = 7.88 %
% of N = 12.17 %
% of O = 27.79 %
References:
• Helmenstine, A. M. (n.d.). What is mass percentage in chemistry? Definition and
examples. Thoughtco.Com. Retrieved October 13, 2021, from
https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-mass-percentage-and-examples-605878
• (N.d.). Toppr.Com. Retrieved October 13, 2021, from
https://www.toppr.com/guides/chemistry-formulas/mass-percent-formula/
• Percent Composition By Mass. (2017, August 12). Youtube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bGmbyztdCHE