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Sampling Concepts
Population: Population refers to any group of people or objects that form
the subject of study in a particular survey and are similar in one or more
ways.
Element: An element comprises a single member of the population.
Sampling frame: Sampling frame comprises all the elements of a
population with proper identification that is available to us for selection at
any stage of sampling.
Sample: It is a subset of the population. It comprises only some elements
of the population.
Sampling unit: A sampling unit is a single member of the sample.
Sampling: It is a process of selecting an adequate number of elements
from the population so that the study of the sample will not only help in
understanding the characteristics of the population but will also enable us
to generalize the results.
Census (or complete enumeration): An examination of each and every
element of the population is called census or complete enumeration.
Advantages of Sample over
Census
Sample saves time and cost.
Systematic sampling
Cluster sampling
Sampling Design
Non-probability Sampling Designs - In case of
non-probability sampling design, the elements of
the population do not have any known chance of
being selected in the sample.
The following points are taken into account for determining the
sample size in this approach.
Where
n = Sample size
σ = Population standard deviation
e = Margin of error
Z = The value for the given confidence interval
Determination of Sample Size
Sample size for estimating population proportion –
1. When population proportion p is known