Characteristics of

Quantitative Research
1. Large Sample Size
2. Structured Research Methods
3. Highly Reliable Outcome
4. Close-ended Questions
5. Numerical Outcome
6. Generalization of Outcome
7. Clearly Defined Research Questions
Strengths and
Weaknesses of
Quantitative Research
Strengths
1. It is generalizable.
2. It is objective
3. It can be replicated.
4. It can process faster data analysis
5. It can test hypothesis
6. It is unbiased
Weaknesses
1. It may miss some circumstantial or
contextual facts (superficial)
2. A fixed structure may lead to its
inflexibility process of discovery.
3. It can lead to structural bias and false
representation.
4. It is costly.
Kinds of Quantitative
Research
Non-experimental

1. Descriptive
2. Comparative
3. Correlational
Experimental

1. True-experimental
2. Quasi-experimental
Kinds Variables and
their Uses
Kinds of Variables
1. Independent Variable (IV) – one that may cause the result.
a. Active IV – researcher manipulates the condition or value
of the IV.
b. Assigned IV – researcher has no control over how the
variable appears for each subject.
2. Dependent Variable – the one that change as an effect of the
changes brought by the other variable.
Nature of Variables
General Classification
1. Qualitative – sex, hair color
2. Quantitative – weight
2.1 Continuous quantitative – can take middle value
Example: weight, height, age
2.2 Discrete quantitative – cannot take a middle
value
Example: sex
Specific Nature of Variables
1. Nominal – labels/categories (Ex.: sex, strand
2. Ordinal – ranking (honor roll; socio-
economic)
3. Interval – zero has value (temperature, time)
4. Ratio – zero has NO value (age, height,
weight)