Practical Research 2 (Midterms)

Lesson 1: Characteristic of Quantitive Research

CHARACTERISTICS
V A R I A B L E S
- Contains measurable variables.
- Utilizes standardized measurement - characteristics that are being studied.
- Present

s numerical Quantitative
data. VS. Qualitative
- represent differences in quality, character, or kind but not in

amount
- “blindspot” (mga 'di nagawa ng researchers) through establishing a
"research gap" (mga pwedeng gawin ng future researchers)
- Have a hypothesis to draw a relation between two or more variables. - numerical and can be ordered or ranked.
- Close-ended questions (objective in nature) - it has 2 types: discrete & continuous
- Employs statistical operations.
- Tables are expressed in numbers

- categorical & has limited number of values

- “blank spot” (mga bagay na di mameasure ng qualitative) wherein
- cannot be divided into fraction / decimal.
the related literature available in your study is “limited”
- No need for a hypothesis - ex: sex, blood type, number of siblings,
- Open-ended questions (subjective in nature) A. NOMINAL
- Employs non-numerical data.
- does not imply in order
- Tables are presented through texts and words.
- ex: eye color, religion, sex
Strength of Quantitative Research - FINITE & hindi naoorder
1. Reliable - the objectivity of the questions.
B. ORDINAL
2. Feasible - the short time frame for survey
- can be arranged in lowest to highest
3. Effortless to Interpret Data - the numerical tables and graphs
- ex: salary grade, social classes.

Weaknesses of Quantitative Research - INFINITE & naoorder

1. No human perception and beliefs

2. No depth of immersion
- infinite number of values
3. Less Texts
- can be divided into fraction / decimal.
KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
- ex: age, height, weight
1. Descriptive - describes "what is" (variables are not controlled)
A. INTERVAL
2. Correlational - relationship among variables (variables are not controlled) - do not consider the value of zero.

3. Experimental - test of causality (both variables are controlled) - ex: temperature, age

4. Quasi-Experimental - test of causality (only independent variable is

B. RATIO
controlled)
- has clear definition of zero and has meaning

- ex: height, weight

Lesson 2: Problems and Variables
SOURCES OF PROBLEM
1. Observe People - behavior of individuals
2. Small Trends - certain issues socially, politically, economically,
environmentally and morally
3. Experience Phenomenon - it leads you to question and uncover facts.
4. Hear out Programs - the perspective on the ground.
5. Visit Government Agencies - they release priority themes for
multidisciplinary/multi- sectoral research.
 Practical Research 2 (Midterms)

Lesson 3: Good Research Title Anatomy

and The Art of Writing Sop Alignment of Research Title,SOP and CF

1. Title - the body

RESEARCH TITLE
2. SOP - the heart
- Encapsulates the entire study through the fewest possible words 3. CF - the backbone / skeletal
- A good research title should have:
1. To be specific in nature
2. Tell the nature of the subject - the main argument or idea that study has endeavored to test.
3. To be attractive and interesting to catch the reader's attention - is a conjectural statement of the relation between two or more
variables.

- being developed prior to and throughout the investigation

- the hypothesis of no correlation
- the default position that there is no association between the
- a modified Working Title variables
- crafted after the completion of the investigation - it's purpose is to be rejected

Standards in Writing the Title

- opposite of null hypothesis or Ho
1. Must be concise
- It claims that there’s an effect on the population.
2. Must be stated in declarative form

ANATOMY OF RESEARCH TITLE Lesson 4: Types of Conceptual Framework

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
- Examples: Impact, Relationship, Influence, Effect, Analysis, Evaluation, etc. - cognitive structure that tends to study.
- used for qualitative and mixed methods.

- The independent and dependent variables on the title. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

- to draw the relationship between two variables

- The people who are involved in the study

1. Input - information of respondents and variables

- Independent + Dependent Variables 2. Process - it involves questionnaires

- Yung mismong pinaka title ng research
3. Output - the action taken from the study..

- Provides witty context about the main topic of the study.

- Example: Pili, Pilipinas - shows the interaction and relationship between two variables.

- ➡️ (interaction between variables)

- The heart of any research paper. - ↔️ (relationship between variables)

- Ask about a relationship between two or more variables.
- Stated clearly, unambiguously, and usually in question form.
- Possible to collect data to answer the question asked.
Lesson 5: Introduction of Research Paper
- Not represent a moral or ethical position.

GOOD STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM I N T R O D U C T I O N

1. MAIN PROBLEM - paragraph
- The initial part of a research paper
2. SUB-PROBLEM - follow-up questions
- The part that a reader is likely to read first.
1st Question: INDEPENDENT
2nd Question: DEPENDENT Techniques in Writing the Introduction
3rd Question: RELATIONSHIP OF iv & dv
1. Dropping Of Variables - describe the independent and
4th Question: IMPLICATIONS
dependent variable of your study.
2. Etymology - the history of a word.
 Practical Research 2 (Midterms)
3. Comparison & Contrast - similarities and differences of
the elements in your research. goodluck !! padayon :>
4. Historical Narrative - historical background of your chosen topic.

5. Data Result - statistical results

6. Definition - Give the definition of the variables according to its

use in your research.

7. Authority - Information released by the government.

The TIOC Pattern

- the recent trend according to the related literature.

- What is trending in the field?

- state the necessity of the research problem.

- What is the issue in the topic?

- your goal in conducting the study. - dianne :D

- What is it that you would like to achieve?

- Emphasize the present study's importance.

- How will your study contribute to the field?

Lesson 6: Sots,Dots,Scope and Delimitation

- why your study is needed

- the importance and impact it may have
- emphasizing the specific sectors of society that would benefit in study

- clarification of technical used in present study.

- only used for quantitative & mixed methods research
CONCEPTUAL
- gives meaning to the concept / literature
OPERATIONAL
- gives meaning on how the subject works.

- to set limitations/ boundaries on the study set by the researcher.

- What is the general purpose?
- Who will be the respondents?
- Where will the investigation start?

- the potential weaknesses

- the shortcomings or the condition that cannot control by the researchers
- Chapter 5