- Discover

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1: REVIEWER

Research and apply new

- Various knowledge
mental acts to - Survey,
discover access
- Prove information,
accuracy search
- Discover for dat
and apply new Research

knowledge
-Various mental acts to discover

- Prove accuracy

- Survey, -Discover and apply new knowledge

-Survey, access information, search for data

access Inquiry

-Learning process to obtain information

information, Characteristics of Research:

search a. Objectiveness – deal with facts

b. Accuracy – accurate data with

for dat reference

c. Systematic – organized manner

Research d. Relevance – instrumental to society

- Various e. Timeliness – fresh to society

f. Clarity – explain central idea directly

mental acts to Types of Research

Application of Research Method

discover 1. Pure research – concepts; factors

- Prove
2. Applied research – apply in societal issues

Purpose of the Research Method

accuracy 1. Descriptive research – defining, verbal

portrayal

2. Correlational research – relationship of two

factors

3. Explanatory research – explains the

relationship and why it exists
4. Exploratory research – how possible it is to
conduct a study
5. Action research – ongoing process of
institution
Based on the Type of Data Needed
1. Qualitative – words to express belief
3. Instrumental for positive social changes
4. Engenders respect for people’s individuality
5. Increases the researcher’s interest to the
study
6. Way of understanding and interpreting social
interactions

2. Quantitative – measurement of data 7. Offers multiple ways of acquiring and

examining knowledge
Approaches to Research
Disadvantages of Research
a. Scientific Approach – measure variables in
an impersonal manner 1. Involves a lot of researcher’s subjectivity in
data
b. Naturalistic Approach – how people behave
2. It is hard to know the validity of reliability of
c. Triangulation Approach – combination; views
data
all angles
3. It has open-minded questions that requires
Characteristics of Qualitative Research
long time analysis
1. Human Understanding Interpretation -
4. Time consuming
Discover personality
5. Involves several processe
2. Active, powerful and forceful
Introduction
-Change plan to align with goals
-Sets the stage for the entire study (Creswell,
3. Multiple research methods -Various
2014)
techniques
Key Sections
4. Specificity to Generalization -Produce
general concepts a. Background of the Study

5. Contextualization -Follow up questions -Tone of the research

6. Diversified data in real life -Introduction, history, current understanding

about the research
Situation - Be observant for data connection
-Brief description of another research done on
7. Abounds with words and visuals -Evaluate
the topic
answers to validate statements
-What other authors say about it?
8. Internal analysis -Ask questions to focus on
perceptions -What is discovered about it?

Types of Qualitative Research Deficiencies Model

a. Case study – long time study; why? -Research topic

b. Ethnography – particular group and its -Studies that have tackled the problem
beliefs
-Lack of the study
c. Content analysis – examination of content
-Build gaps existing in literature
d. Discourse analysis – language study
Writing the Purpose of the Study
e. Historical analysis – examination of previous -Objectives/intentions
documents; past vs. present
Writing the Research Question
f. Grounded theory – new theory to undertie
Determining the Scope and Delimitation of the
and connect study
Study
Advantages of Research
-Parameter of the research
1. Adopts a naturalistic approach
b. Review of Related Literature
2. Promotes a full understanding of human
-Summary; synthesis
behavior
Purpose of the RRL c. Public administration

-Familiarizes the researcher with the topic d. Business

under study
e. Economics
-Allows the researcher to frame the problem
f. Environment
within the existing knowledge base
g. Education
-Provides an opportunity to benchmark on the
studies of other scholars h. Sociology
Forms of RRL i. Psychology
a. Integrative review Hard Sciences* (Natural Sciences)
-Study of related paper -Explore the writing of the natural world
-Includes summaries of the research -Involve experiments with controlled variables
and make objective measurements
b. Theoretical review
-Tangible (can be touched physically) Soft
-Focus on the theory
Sciences* (Social Sciences)
-Allows the researcher to focus on the extent
-Relate to the study of human and animal
theory relates to the problem being studied
behavior, interactions, thoughts and feelings
c. Methodological review
-Deal with intangibles
-Focus on the method
*Both are used in triangulation approach.
-Provides both a summary of the studies but
also an actual critique of the strength and
weaknesses of the method employed to the
studies

Plagiarism Forms: Citation Styles

1. Quoting verbatim

2. Paraphrasing

3. Using ideas

4. Cutting and pasting

5. Submitting someone else’s work

6. Colluding

7. Auto plagiarism

How to avoid:

1. Use of proper citation

2. Integral citation

3. Non – integral citation

4. Using summarizing/paraphrasing

5. Using of short direct quotation

-Short : 40 words

-Long : 40 to 100 words

6. Use of reporting verb

Areas of Knowledge

a. Politics

b. Governance