PRAC RES REVIEWER

field
I. RESEARCH - Something you might like to address, investigate,
- Begins with an inquisitive mind that asks questions study
of interest to many people and whose answers - Focus or reason for engaging in your research
would contribute to human knowledge. - Issues, controversies of concerns studied by
- Study of materials and resources to establish facts researchers
and reach new conclusions. - Problems can be found through:
- Research is a systematic process of collecting, 1. Theories to be validated, extended,
analyzing and interpreting information/data to modified
increase understanding of a phenomenon which we 2. Other studies through research
are interested in. recommendation
- It is a cyclical process (Problem/unanswered 3. National or international trend or situations
question → Defines goal with a clear statement of 4. Real-life problems, issues, experiences and
the problem → Divides it into subproblems → situations
Tentative solutions through hypothesis → Data → - Researchers identify research problems through
Interprets) statements:
A. ETHICAL NORMS IN RESEARCH 1. What issue do I want to address?
- ​Promotes aims of research (knowledge, truth and 2. What do I know about the topic of interest?
avoidance of error) 3. What else do I need to know about the
- Promotes values that are essential to collaborative topic of interest?
work (trust, accountability, mutual respect and 4. What were the findings of the previous
fairness) studies done on the topic?
- Ensure that researches are held accountable to 5. Were the findings of previous researchers
public similar/diverse?
- Build public support for research C. PURPOSE
- Promotes other moral and social values (social - Major intent or objective of the study used to
responsibility, human rights, animal welfare, law and address the problem
public health and safety) D. RESEARCH QUESTIONS
II. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE RESEARCH - Narrows the purpose into specific questions that
A. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH the researcher would like answered or addressed in
- Deals with numbers or any type of numerical data the study
- Data collection through structured and pre-tested E. SCOPES AND LIMITATIONS
or validated survey instruments (eg, questionnaires)
Scopes - Feature you can control
B. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH - Boundaries draw by the researcher
- Research devoted to developing an understanding - Exclusion and inclusion are decided
of human systems. by the researcher through specific
- Methods include, interviews and observations, case choices
studies, surveys and historical and document - Choice of objective
analyses. - Variables of interest
- Attempts to explain the inconsistent and the - Adopted perspectives
- Methods
unpredictable in human nature and society
- Theoretical Framework
- Brings our own humanity into the forefront of the - Respondents
social research
- Tells us who we are as human beings and how we Limitati - Occur in all types of research
relate to each other ons - Weaknesses related to decisions
III. PARTS OF A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH made in the study
A. TOPIC - Difficult to contain
- Outside control
- Broad subject matter addressed by the study
- Time constraints
B. RESEARCH PROBLEM
- Lack of resources
- A general educational issues, concern, controversy - Nature of the research
addressed in research that narrows the topic - Respondents dropping out
-A ​ rea affected by the identified topic or trend in the
PRAC RES REVIEWER
- Limited access to population - APA (American Psychological Association)
- Chicago
Both - Description of the topic to be studied
- Locus Ethis - ​Norms for conduct that delineate the
- Population boundary between acceptable and
- Time Frame unacceptable norms
- Ethical norms are broader
- Ethics does not equal to laws
F. RRL - A law may be lawful but unethical
- An account of what has been published by other - Ethical concepts may be used to assess or
researchers interpret written laws
- Systematic, explicit and reproducible method for
identifying, evaluating and synthesizing the existing Research - Researchers in a social world
body of completed and recorded work produced by Ethics - Ethics is a researcher’s responsibility
- Purpose should be clearly defined to
researchers, scholars and practitioners
participants
- Any altered result of misinterpreted data is a
Purpose - Overview and assess evidence violation of research ethics
- Summary, a synthesis or an analysis - Guard against fraudulent practices like
- Identifying gaps falsification, alteration and concealing of
findings
Functions - ​Prevents duplication
- Find out which methods to use

Sources - Articles, books, general reference materials PS..

- Gray Literature: Working papers, conference
proceedings reports These are only my notes PLS PLS read the given LPs and the
- Journals book !

What to - Present status of topic

Review - Theoretical approaches
- Data collection methods

Steps - Choose a topic

- Identify databases and resources
- Search and refine the materials
- Read and analyze the articles
- Writing the review

Synthesizi - Comparing findings, variables, methods

ng - Can combine authors with the same
findings/statements/methods
- Your research must add up to existing
literature

Cite - Paraphrasing
when.. - Summarizing
- Quoting
- Referencing to other ideas or theories

Citations - Help readers detect and locate the source of

work easily and efficiently
- Prove opinion is well-researched
- Acknowledges the author of an original
concept or theory

Citation - Oxford
Styles - MLA (Modern Language Association)