RESEARCH 3.

HISTORICAL
- A systematic way of inquiring, - Analysis of past events,
gathering, and analyzing data. people, societies, and
cultures. To formulate the
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD connection between the
1. The Problem present and the past.
2. Hypothesis 4. CASE STUDY
3. Planning - Methodology - In depth analysis of a
4. Analysis particular individual, group,
5. Report or phenomenon within its
real-life context.
TWO GENERAL CLASSIFICATIONS OF 5. GROUNDED THEORY
RESEARCH - Developing new theories that
1. PURE RESEARCH emerge from systematically
- Understanding of the specific analyzing data.
topic, created but not applied 6. NARRATIVE
in real life situations. - Re-telling the story and
2. APPLIED RESEARCH personal accounts to
- You apply the research to understand the complexities
answer the problems of a of lived experiences
topic wherein a product is 7. DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
created. - Examination of language use,
social interactions, and
TWO GENERAL TYPES OF RESEARCH power dynamics within
1. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH communication to uncover
- A research that relies on underlying meanings and
numerical data inputted by societal constructions.
the respondents. Contains 8. BASIC INTERPRETATIVE
the statistical treatment of - Collection of data to deeply
data. understand and figure out
2. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH themes and patterns of an
- A research that relies on the individual's perspectives and
experiences/ ideas of the experiences.
participants. Contains a
qualitative data analysis.
INTRODUCTION
METHODS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH - Establishes the cognitive setting of
1. DESCRIPTIVE the research and it revolves
2. EXPERIMENTAL - Discussed why there is a need to
3. QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL study the problem.
4. CORRELATION - Clarifies the important
5. EX-POST FACTO terminologies for the reader to
easily understand what the
METHODS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH research is about.
1. ETHNOGRAPHIC - Establishes the degree of
- Observing the cultures, seriousness of the problem which
lifestyles, and the has prompted the researcher to
characteristics of a certain look for solutions.
group of people. STRUCTURE OF INTRODUCTION
2. PHENOMENOLOGICAL a. Background Information/
- Aims to explore and Overview
understand extraordinary b. The Knowledge Gap
experiences to uncover c. Purpose in Conducting the
essence and meaning behind Study.
phenomena. d. Setting of research problems.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
- The statement of the problem in
research succinctly identifies the
specific issue or gap in knowledge
that the study aims to address,
providing a clear focus for the
research investigation.
PARTS
a. General Statement of the
Problem (Statement of
purpose)
b. Specific Statement of the
Problem/ Sub-questions
(Research questions)
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
SCOPE
- The coverage of the study.
- How far the research has explored.
LIMITATIONS
- Problems or circumstances that
may arise which cannot be
controlled by the researcher.
- Restriction on methodology and
conclusions.
- Anything that may affect the result
of the study.
DELIMITATIONS
- Establish what the study will focus
on and what will not.
- Boundaries set by the researcher to
define the scope of the study.
CONTENT OF SCOPE
- General purpose of the study.
- Subject matter and topics
discussed in the study.
- Locale, population, period of the
study.
CONTENT OF LIMITATIONS
- Limitations/restrictions in concise
terms.
- Reason why such limitations exists
and could not be overcome using
the methods chosen (cite studies
that had similar problems)
- Impact of such limitations in
relation to the overall findings and
conclusions of the study and may
need further research.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
- Identifies the specific beneficiaries
and the benefits that they will get
when the problem is solved.
- Always refers to the Research Title
- “What are the benefits or
advantages of the study based on
the SOP?
FORMAT
a. Paragraph
b. Enumerated
STYLE
a. Hierarchy (Position)
b. Importance (Most to the least
benefited)
DEFINITION OF TERMS
- Contains the alphabetical list of
important terms or acronyms
especially jargons or ambiguous
terms used in special ways.
- Only words/phrases that have
special meanings are defined.
- Terms are clarified for the readers
to fully understand the research
paper.
- What to define?
a. Important Words/terms in the
Title
b. Technical terms applied/used
c. Words used for treatment or
measurement or analysis of
data
TWO TYPES OF DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. CONCEPTUAL/THEORETICAL
DEFINITION
- Basic dictionary or universal
meaning.
2. OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
- How the term is applied/used
in the study.
TIPS
1. Use conceptual, operational or
both, whichever is
necessary/applicable.
2. Cite sources when using conceptual
definition.
3. When using Acronyms, spell them
out (give the meaning of each letter)
before giving the definition.
4. Should be short, clear and definite.