RESEARCH 2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK – collection of concepts and ideas used to

guide research and build the frame around which a study and academic
PRELIM REVIEWER project is built.
CL-2022 -more formal and used for studies based on existing theories.
-derived form specific concepts and propositions that are induce or
GUYS! deduced.
Test I: Multiple Choice- 10 Items CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK – concepts that are placed within a logical
Test II: True or False- 15 Items and sequential design. Based on specific concepts and proposition.
Test III: Identification- 10 Items STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM – used in research work as a claim that
outlines the problem address by a study.
All are Application!
RESEARCH PROBLEM – situation that needs a solution and for which there
are possible solutions
TITLE PAGE
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY – parameters and boundaries of
APPROVAL SHEET
the research established by factors or people other than the researcher.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
 SCOPE – Where and when the study will be conducted. Set the
TABLE OF CONTENTS
delimitations and establishes the boundaries of the study.
LIST OF TABLES
 LIMITATION – phrase/aspect of the investigation which may affect
LIST OF FIGURES
the result adversely but over which the researcher has no control.
Clear and honest acceptance of the limitations brings credence to
WRITING OF CHAPTER 1
the study.
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY – weakness of the study beyond the
1. Introduction
control of the researcher.
2. Theoretical Framework
3. Conceptual Framework
*PROPOSITIONS – a statement of the relationship between concepts
4. Statement of the Problem
derived from theories-based on empirical data.
5. Significance of the Study
*RRL – describes what they are and supports your thesis.
6. Scope and Delimitation of the Study
*MODEL – symbolic representation that helps the researcher to
7. Definition of Terms
express abstract concepts and relationships easily.
WRITING OF CHAPTER 2
CONCEPTUAL PARADIGM – a diagram that interprets the underlying
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
theory, principles and concepts of a research.
1. Foreign Literature and Related Studies
Difference Between Theoretical Review & Theoretical Framework
2. Local Literature and Related Studies
3. Relevance of Related Literature and Studies  Theoretical framework-provides a picture to how the theories fit together;
4. Synthesis of the Study  The literature review describes what they are & supports your thesis (that
includes your framework)
WRITING OF CHAPTER 3  Theory- in the broad sense is refer to an abstraction which summarizes
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY and explains phenomena.
1. Research Design  Concept- are mental images or ideas relating to phenomena or objects
2. Sources of Data that share
3. Population and Sampling Procedure
4. Instrumentation REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE - It is a written summary,
5. Data Gathering Procedure discussion, analysis, and evaluation of articles, books, and other
documents that describe the past and current state of knowledge about
6. Analysis of Data
a topic logically organized according to the variables of the study and
their corresponding dimensions in this order: Independent, Dependent,
REFERENCES and Moderator
APPENDICES  FRAMEWORK – abstract, logical structure of meaning that
CURRICULUM VITAE guide the development of the study.
 CONCEPT – names an object or phenomenon, thus providing a
separate identity and meaning.
RESEARCH MANUSCRIPT BASIC FORMAT
 CONSTRUCT – concepts at very high levels of abstraction that
have general meanings.
MARGIN:
 VARIABLES – specific and measurable. It signifies more
LEFT: 1.5 INCH
concrete level and are narrow in their definition.
RIGHT/TOP/BOTTOM: 1 INCH
DIFFERENCES AMONG 5 VARIABLES
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES (IV)
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✓ Are those that cause, influence, or affect outcomes.
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✓ It is manipulated to have an effect on the dependent
VARIABLES: REFERS TO SOP 1 variable.
INPUT: REFERS TO SOP 1 DEPENDENT VARIABLES (DV)
OUTPUT: REFERS TO SOP 3 ✓ Are those that depend on the independent variables.
✓ They are the outcomes or the results of the influence of the
FIRST PAGE: TITLE PAGE independent variables.
LAST PAGE: CURRICULUM VITAE MODERATOR VARIABLE
✓ Special kind of independent variables chosen by the
PAGE NUMBER: UPPER RIGHT researcher to determine if it changes or modifies the
NOTE: relationship between the IV and DVs.
TITLE PAGE: NO PAGE # ✓ It is manipulated to have an effect on the dependent
CHAPTER 1, 2, 3: NO PAGE # variable.
CONTROL VARIABLE
✓ It is a variable that is managed by the researcher in which the
RESEARCH TITLE – title that summarizes the main idea or ideas of study. It effects can be neutralized by eliminating or removing the
contains the fewest possible words needed to adequately describe the variable.
content/purpose of the research program. INTERVENING VARIABLE
✓ It hinders independent and dependent variables, but the
INTRODUCTION – is the first paragraph of a written research paper. It effects can either strengthen or weaken the IV and DVs.
should give an overall from the abstract and should start with a broader
context.
 12 MAJOR RESEARCH DESIGNS
1)Longitudinal design -facilitate the analysis of the duration of a particular
phenomenon.
2)Exploratory Research -gather initial data patterns or characteristics of
variables
3)Comparative Research -confirm if two or more variables reveal similar or
different patterns of characteristics when compared
4)Descriptive Research -The purpose is to describe the existing conditions so
that modifications can be prescribed.
5)Experimental Research - Gathers initial data patterns or characteristics of
variables.
6)Historical Research -Examines the evidence and experiences of the past as
an aid in analyzing and interpreting the present situation.
7)Causal/Explanatory Research -Occurrence of or change in the independent
variable leads to changes in the dependent variables.
8)Correlational Research -Aims to discover patterns of relationship without
suggesting that one variable causes the other variable to change.
9)Meta-Analysis -An analytical methodology designed to systematically
evaluate and summarize the results from a number of individual studies,
thereby, increasing the overall sample size and the ability of the researcher
to study effects of interest.
10) Cohort Design -refers to a study conducted over a period of time involving
members of a population which the subject or representative member
comes from, and who are united by some commonality or similarity
11) Cross-sectional Design -Cross-sectional studies provide a clear 'snapshot'
of the outcome and the characteristics associated with it, at a specific point
in time.
12) Observational Design- This type of research design draws a conclusion by
comparing subjects against a control group, in cases where the researcher
has no control over the experiment.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

a. Approval of proposal
b. Securing of permit to conduct study
c. Validation of research instrument
d. Securing of informed consent
e. Data gathering
f. Data encoding and interpretation
g. Report writing

POPULATION AND SAMPLE

POPULATION – the entire sum of objects, persons, families, species, or
orders of plants or animals.
SAMPLING – defined as a technique of getting a representative portion of
a population.
KINDS SAMPLING DESIGNS
1. Scientific Sampling – each member in the population is given an equal
chance of being included in the sample.
2. Non -scientific Sampling – not all the members in the population are
given equal chance of being included in the sample.
6 TYPES OF SCIENTIFIC SAMPLING ( R U S S M C )
1. Restricted Random Sampling
2. Unrestricted Random Sampling
3. Stratified Random Sampling
4. Systematic Sampling NOTE: KNOW THE FOLLOWING ABOUT YOUR THESIS!
5. Multistage Sampling
6. Cluster Sampling YOUR THESIS TITLE:

3 TYPES OF NON-SCIENTIFIC SAMPLING ( P I Q )

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
1. Purposive Sampling-An individual is chosen as part of the sample due
to good evidence that he is representative of the total population. YOUR CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK:
2. Incidental Sampling - The researcher simple takes the nearest
SCOPE OF YOUR STUDY:
individuals as subject of the study until the sample reaches the desired
size. WHAT IS YOUR RESEARCH DESIGN? :
3. Quota Sampling - Popular in the field of opinion research because it is
WHAT IS YOUR RESEARCH METHOD? :
done by merely looking for individuals with the requisite
characteristics. WHAT SAMPLING METHOD YOU USED? :

SAMPLE OF CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Note: No specific Pointers were given, this is just a reference!