PR NOTES CHAP 1

Research PERCEIVED EFFECTS OF ONLINE

(Re) - again GAMING ON THE ACADEMIC
- inquiry > problems, questions = PERFORMANCE OF SHS STUDENTS OF RC
Curiosities SY 2023 - 2024
(search) - to look for; to gather; to discover;
to find ● AIM - to know the perceived effects
● SUBJECT MATTER = Variables
SCIENTIFIC PROCESS IV - ONLINE GAMING = the one
1. Problem that affects
2. Hypothesis (RL/RS) DV - ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
3. Methodology/Data Gathering = affected
4. Data Analysis & Interpretation ● POPULATION - target group = SHS
5. Report Students
● LOCALE - place = RC
2 Classifications
● TIME FRAME - SY 2023 - 2024
● Pure Research - new knowledge
● Applied Research - product
1. INTRODUCTION
Quantitative - Overview = Background
> numbers = Variables
> effects, impact, differences = Population
> statistical treatment - Knowledge Gap = lack of information
> detached = RL/RS (foreign &
local)
Methods: descriptive, experimental, - Context of Locale
correlational, quasi-experimental, ex-post facto - Objective of the Study - re-statement of
the title
Qualitative
> words, experiences (extraordinary), personal 2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
(SOP)
Methods:
- What are the experiences..
1. Historical - past
- How did they..
2. Narrative - retelling the story of the
- Yes/no if relationship
participants
3. Phenomenological - extraordinary
3. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
experiences
- Kung ano nasa sop, un din ilalagay dito
4. Case study - “in-depth” analysis of a
nakaparagraph form lang. 3 elements
case
should be stated here (population,
5. Ethnographic - “live with them”,
locale, timeframe)
“immersion”
- 1 para for scope, 1 para for limitations
6. Grounded theory - “new theory”
Scope
7. Discourse Analysis -
Delimitations - exclusions
substance/meaning of a certain
Limitations - cannot control
document or words
8. Basic Interpretive - themes/patterns on
4. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
the extraordinary experiences
- Identifies the specific beneficiaries and
the benefits that they will get when the
problem is solved.
 - Always refer to the research title 2. Synonyms
- “What are the benefits or advantages of - parents who are studying ^
the study based on the SOP?” higher education
Format - Students / children
- Paragraph school for lawyers
- enumerated 3. Use reputable search engines/sites
Style - Google scholar; science direct;
- Hierarchy (position) pub med
- Importance (most to the least benefited) 4. Use Boolean Operators
AND OR
5. DEFINITION OF TERMS Ex: student OR parents; student AND
- Alphabetical list of important terms parents
- Only words/phrases that 5. Read, Analyze & Select sources
- Minimum of 5 - Click ‘cited by’ for more sources
- if more ‘cited by’, mas reliable
2 Types 6. Outline
● Conceptual/Theoretical Definition ● Law
- Basic dictionary or universal meaning - Definition
- Ex: nosebleed - bleeding of nose - Law school
chuchu - Law students
● Student-parents in law school
● Operational Definition ● Experiences of student parents in law
- How the term is applied/used in the school
study Key Terms
- Ex: nosebleed - nageenglish kasama 1. Summarizing
mo ganern - Main points
2. Paraphrasing
What to define? - Re-stating one’s ideas “in your
- Important words/terms in the title own words”
- Technical terms - Paraphrase muna ung source
na nakita mo, tsaka mag
CHAP 2 Quillbot or Chatgpt
3. Citations
Review of Related Literature
- Acknowledge the authors of the
- Intro statement
works we used in our study
RL - related literature - Citations = APA (American
= discussions (essays, articles), laws, memo, Psychological Association) style
circular ^ author, date
= from books, journals, magazines Ex: Freo, 2020
RS - related studies ● Beginning of the sentence
= research/investigations > abstract, - Freo (2020) stated that …
methodology, results & discussion - According to Freo (2020), … ; don’t
= online sources, journals, thesis, dissertations use sa start ng para kasi common
Rs - abstract, may word na effects - According to the World Health
Organization (2021) … ; ^ pwede kasi
Steps (in searching RL/RS) org
1. Key words ● End of the sentence
Ex: experiences of student-parents in - Modern technology …. (Freo, 2020)
law school ● If madaming authors, sa dulo na
 ilalagay
- Ex: Acc. to the diff researches, …..
(Cortez, 2019; Penafiel, 2019; Sevilla,
2020; Freo, 2023)
- If same year: (Sevilla et al., 2020) sa
end
- Sevilla et al. (2020) beginning
Et al. = and others
- Cited by
Ex: Oronce (1975) cited in Sevilla
(2020)
4. Quoting
- Copy the exact words of the
author > define a term
21 words;40
words > analyze a text
- Use quotation marks
- Author, date, page number or
paragraph number
Ex: Sevilla (2020, p. 2) defined
sustainable farming as “.....”
5. Synthesizing
- Putting together diff. ideas
CHAP 3
Methodology
– use future tense
1. Research Design
- Basic interpretive will be used
● Define
● How is it done?
● Why is it the most
relevant/applicable in
your study?
2. Research Participants
- Target population
- Participants (number, general
description)
- Sampling technique used
(define, how is it done, and why
is it the most applicable in your
study
- Criteria in choosing the
participants
Population = target group
Ex: SHS Students = 467
Sample = a part/representatives
of the population
= 5 & above
Sampling = process of getting
samples
= purposive sampling
3. Research Instrument
- Interview guide
- Validation process of the
instrument
- Role of the researcher
- Tools in gathering data
● interview
> questions
● Open-ended
● Yes-no
> multiple choice = many
options w/ 1 answer
● Checklist = many options w/ 1
or more answers
4. Data Collection Method
- 2 methods that can be used
● in-depth interview (easier)
● Focus group discussion (ex:
researcher, 5 participants tas
kunyare 1st participant muna
sasagot tas next na agad)
(disadvantages: minimum data,
confidentiality, some are not
comfy to share their
experiences w other people
around)
- Describe the step by step procedure that
you will do from getting permission from
the principal, to reaching out to the
participants and explaining to them the
nature of the research to be conducted,
etc.
5. Data analysis
- Use thematic analysis
- Definition
- Process (how is it done)
- Why is it the most applicable in
your study?
 Thematic Analysis = descriptive (common sense na description)
coding
= in vivo coding

6. Trustworthiness
- Lincoln & Guba (1985)
- Set of criteria for trustworthiness
of qualitative research:
a. Credibility (vs. internal validity)
> depends on the richness of the
data and analysis and can be
enhanced by triangulation (Patton,
2002), rather than relying on
sample size (DEFINITION)

b. Transferability (vs. external validity)

> generalizing a study’s results;
achieved thorough description of the
research context and underlying
assumptions.
> With providing that information, the
research results may be transferred
from the original research situation to a
similar situation

c. Dependability (vs. reliability)

> aims to replace reliability, which
requires replicating experiments, the
same results should be achieved.
> as this would not be expected to
happen in a qualitative setting,
alternative criteria are general
understandability, flow of arguments,
and logic.
> both the process and the product of
the research need to be consistent

d. Confirmability (vs. objectivity)

> includes an audit trail of raw data,
analysis notes, reconstruction, and
synthesis products, process and
personal notes

7. Ethical Considerations
- Consent
- Confidentiality
- Beneficence
- Respect for persons
- Justice