Presentation for CA-1

Subject Name: COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES

Subject code : PC-EI502
Topic : A.M. SYSTEM

Name : Ravi shankar

Roll Number : 13005320008
Registration Number : 201300105310041
Semester : 5th
 Amplitude Modulation

• Amplitude modulation (AM) is
a modulation technique used in electronic
communication, most commonly for
transmitting messages with a radio wave. In
amplitude modulation, the amplitude of the
wave is varied in proportion to that of the
message signal, such as an audio signal. This
technique contrasts with angle modulation, in
which either the frequency of the carrier wave
is varied, as in frequency modulation, or
its phase, as in phase modulation.
 Modulation Index

• A carrier wave, after being modulated,

if the modulated level is calculated,
then such an attempt is called
as Modulation Index or Modulation
Depth.
• For a perfect modulation, the value of
modulation index should be 1
• if the modulation index is 0.5, then
the modulated output is called
as Under-modulation. Such a wave is
called as an under-modulated wave.
• If the value of the modulation index is
greater than 1, then the wave will be
an over-modulated wave.
 Characteristics of Amplitude Modulated
Wave
• The amplitude of carrier wave changes
according to the intensity of the signal.
• The variation in amplitude of a carrier wave
is at the frequency of the signal fm.
• The frequency of amplitude modulated wave
is the same as that of the carrier wave fc.
• The amplitude of amplitude modulated wave
is not constant but it has a similar sinusoidal
variation as that of the signal wave. Thus the
amplitude modulated wave is loaded with the
information contained in the low-frequency
signal message.
• As amplitude modulation is simple it is
widely used.
Bandwidth of Amplitude Modulated Wave

•The bandwidth of a complex signal like AM is

the difference between its highest and lowest
frequency components and is expressed in Hertz
(Hz). Bandwidth deals with only frequencies.
As shown in the following figure
•Bandwidth = (fc – fm) – (fc + fm) = 2 fm
•The power levels in carrier and sidebands.

•There are three components in the AM wave.

Unmodulated carrier, USB & LSB.

•Total Power of AM is = Power in the

Unmodulated carrier + Power in USB +Power in
LSB
Advantages and Disadvantages of Amplitude
Modulation
 Advantages :
• Transmission and reception of Amplitude modulated signal is comparatively easy.
• The components used in building the AM transmitter and AM receiver are very
cheap.
• The circuit used in this is very simple.
 Disadvantages :
• In the transmission of Amplitude modulated signal two sidebands and
carrier signal have to be sent. So it requires a high range of bandwidth and
more power.
• Since the efficiency of Amplitude Modulation is very low, the messages
cannot be transmitted over a particular distance.
• In the absence of the carrier signal, it is difficult to tune.
• Transmission and reception of Amplitude modulated waves are very noisy.
Applications of Amplitude Modulation

There are numerous applications of amplitude modulation, some of which are listed
below:
• The use of radio waves can be made for transmitting data and information in amplitude
modulation.
• Communication systems such as electronic analogue are implemented using amplitude
modulation.
• In ancient times, there was a need to transmit voice through radio. Hence amplitude
modulation was quite helpful.
• The pixels on the television screen were controlled using amplitude modulation in olden
times.
• It is still used in two-way communication radio systems, modems of computers, citizen
band radio, etc.
• For controlling the audio level in an analogue mixer, amplitude modulation can be quite
useful.
• Now, since it is used in two-way communication radio systems, this can be implemented in
aircraft too for voice communication.