Mechanisms Chap 10 - Determining The Cam Profile - Graphical Method212

Mechanisms and Dynamics of Machinery
Chapter 10 Profile Cam Design

Determining the Cam Profile Using Graphical Method
Taiwan-Paraguay Polytechnic University UPTP

Fall Semester 2020
Dr. Shih Yi-Pei ( 石伊蓓 )

Precision Transmission Lab, NTUST ME
Introduction
There are different ways to obtain
the cam profile
 Graphical cam profile synthesis. ( 繪圖
法)
 Analytical cam profile synthesis. ( 解析
法)
Two major factors which affect cam

越小  傳力效率越好
size and cam pair performance越大  接觸應力越小
Pressure angle. 壓力角
** 凸輪可用性的重要參考指標
Radius of curvature. 曲率半徑
2
*Dr. Shih Yi-Pei 石伊蓓 , Precision Transmission Lab, NTUST ME
Movement of Cam and Follower
從動子位移圖
Translational motion
3
SVAJ Diagrams
Displacement program
位移
平移型 : 位移
搖擺型 : 角度
4
Nomenclature and Definitions
 Follower displacement ( 位
移 ) : The position of the
follower from a specific zero
or rest position.
 Stroke ( 衝量 ): The greatest
distance or angle through
which the follower moves or
rotates.
 Cam Profile ( 凸輪輪廓 ):
The contour of the working
surface of the cam.
 Base Circle ( 基圓 ): The
smallest circle from the cam
5
center Lab,
*Dr. Shih Yi-Pei 石伊蓓 , Precision Transmission through the cam
NTUST ME
Cont.
 Trace Point ( 軌跡點 ): The point
at the knife edge of a follower, or
the center of a roller, or the center
of a spherical face.
 Pitch Curve ( 節曲線 ): The path
of the trace point.
 Prime Circle ( 主圓 ): The
smallest circle drawn, tangential
to the pitch curve, with its center
on the axis of the camshaft.
 Pressure Angle ( 壓力角 ): The
angle between the normal to the
壓力角 : 從動子行進方向和凸輪 pitch curve and the direction of
推從動子方向的夾角 , 越小越好 motion of the follower at the point
6 of contact.
Cont.
Pitch point ( 節點 ): a
point on the pitch curve
where the pressure
angle is maximum.
Cam profile: formed by
working curve
Envelope: 從動子移動軌跡包絡線
7
Determining the Cam Profile
Using the Graphic Method
The actual shape of the cam can be determined
only after the follower motion is known
for the entire rotation of the cam.
Design procedure: 從動子位移圖

Determine follower displacement schedule.
Invert motion by fixing cam and rotating follower
about cam as defined. ( 凸輪 CW, 畫從動子
CCW) ( 越小越精確 )
Separate displacement schedule into a series of increments of q.
Determine an envelope of follower to obtain the cam profile.
8
Cam-Follower Configurations
 In the displacement schedule, y may be
either s ( 位移 ) or f ( 角度 ).
 Only rotating plate cams are considered.
 In cylindrical followers, the cylinder may be
either fixed to the follower or a roller.
Translating follower Oscillating follower
9
Plot the follower in Opposite Direction
 Cam rotates in a CW direction  For drawing the cam, the follower

moves and rotates in an opposite
direction
10
Cam Design for Radial Roller Follower
Divide Displacement profile into segments.
Pick the base circle radius rb and roller radius r.
Compute prime circle radius (rp=r+rb)
Choose the direction of cam rotation.
(Normally, CW direction).
11
Draw Base and Prime Circles and the Roller
 Follower displacement
program in needed.
 Given the radius of the base
circle (rb) and roller(r).
 Compute prime circle radius.
12
Draw Ray Lines
 Draw ray lines at 10 degree increments

around the prime circle.
 Label the ray lines in a CCW direction
13
Follower Displacement
s
0.5
1.0
 On each ray line, lay off the
displacement of the follower
from the prime circle.
 When the cam rotation angle
100deg, the follower moves
0.5in upward.
14
Draw the Locus of Roller
in the Cam Coordinate System
 On each displacement ray,

draw a circle of the roller
radius.
 These circles are the locus of
the roller motion.
15
Draw the Cam Profile
 The cam profile is either the inner

or the outer envelope of the roller
locus.
 Draw the cam profile tangent to
the roller surfaces
16
Pressure Angle
Pressure angle is the
angle between the direction
of the follower motion and
the normal to the cam
profile.
It must keep as low as
possible.
Increase size of base circle
can reduce pressure angle.
17
Radius of Curvature for the Cam Profile
The cam may be plus, minus, zero or infinite curvature
radius.
The roller-follower cam can have plus and minus.
The flat-faced follower cam is entirely convex, has larger
size than for round faced followers.
凹面
Cam design should avoid cups. 過渡
If cam radius of curvature 尖點 b

becomes too small,
must increase base circle radius. 凸面
18
Example 10.3 Problem Statement
o oo
Low
Return
High
Rise Dwell 120
Region
Dwell
Region 0 ooo120
210
180 180
360
210o
19
Cam Rotation in CW Direction
Choose radii of the base
circle (rb) and roller (r)
rb  1.5in, r  0.5in
 rp  2.0in
Draw base and prime circles

Draw ray lines at 10o
increments, and label them 0.8in
in the CCW.
Lay off the displacement of
the follower from the prime
circle.
20
Determine Cam Profile
Get trace points
Draw the roller where the
center of the circle stays
at each trace point to
obtain the locus of the
roller.
The cam profile is plotted
as an envelope curve of
the follower locus.
Indicate the pressure
angle. Trace Point
21
Example 10.5 Problem Statement
22
Equations for Each Part of the Motion
Parabolic motion for the follower

1. For 0   
2
 y ( )  2L  2
0  1 12

 y2 ( )  L  2 L2  2
 2
 
2. For   
2
    
2
 y1 ( )  L 1  2 1   
   1  
 2
 y ( )  L  L 1  2 1    
 2     
   2  
23
The Cam–Follower System with Oscillating, Cylindrical
Follower
Base circle and roller
rb  1.25in, r0  0.75in
 rp  2.0in
Distance AD from the cam

rotation axis to the pivot of
the follower.
r1  4in
24
Location of the Follower in the Initial Position
Draw the follower pivot circle ( 樞軸圓 ).
Determine the length of the follower CD(r3)
r3  r12  (rb  r0 ) 2  3.464in
Because all subsequent angular

displacement of the follower
rb  r0
will be measured relative to
the reference angle 0.
Determine reference angle 0
rb  r0
0  tan 1( )  30o
r3
25
Cam Rotation in CW Direction
 Give the first position of the 樞軸圓
follower pivot D.
 Subsequent positions of the pivot
at angle increment of 20deg.
 Draw radial lines at 20deg
increments starting from AD. 60o
 Draw a line from each pivot and 0
40o
tangent to the prime circle

starting from CD. 20o
 The angle between lines AD and

CD is the reference angle 0
26
Determine Cam Profile
 Lay off lines with r3 in
length at the angles
indicated in Table 10.7  =160o ,   15o
r3  3.464in
form the corresponding
base lines.
 Draw circles corresponding
to the follower at the ends
of these lines.
 Construct the cam surface
tangent to the follower
positions.
 Indicate the pressure angle
27

Mechanisms Chap 10 - Determining The Cam Profile - Graphical Method212

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Mechanisms and Dynamics of Machinery

Chapter 10 Profile Cam Design

Taiwan-Paraguay Polytechnic University UPTP

Dr. Shih Yi-Pei ( 石伊蓓 )

Two major factors which affect cam

Design procedure: 從動子位移圖

Translating follower Oscillating follower

 Cam rotates in a CW direction  For drawing the cam, the follower

 Draw ray lines at 10 degree increments

 On each displacement ray,

 The cam profile is either the inner

If cam radius of curvature 尖點 b

Draw base and prime circles

Distance AD from the cam

r3  r12  (rb  r0 ) 2  3.464in

Because all subsequent angular

tangent to the prime circle

 The angle between lines AD and

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