THE POLITICAL & ECONOMIC

CHANGES OF SPANISH
COLONIZATION

…. HOW DID IT AFFECT THE NATIVES?

 A. POLITICAL CHANGES
• THE PHILIPPINES
– CROWN COLONY OF SPAIN
– ADMINISTERED BY THE COUNCIL OF
INDIES
– (1565 – 1821) RULED BY THE MEXICAN
VICEROY
– (1863) MINISTRY OF COLONIES TOOK
OVER THE COUNCIL OF INDIES
 A. POLITICAL CHANGES
• CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
– ALL POWER BELONG TO THE KING
THAT ALMOST NOTHING OFFICIAL
COULD BE DONE WITHOUT HIS
KNOWLEDGE & CONSENT
• 2 BRANCHES OF THE GOV’T
– EXECUTIVE
– JUDICIAL
 A. POLITICAL CHANGES
STRUCTURE OF GOVERNMENT:
– CENTRAL (NATIONAL)
– PROVINCIAL
– CITY
– MUNICIPAL
 KING OF SPAIN
MINISTRY OF COLONIES

ARCHBISHOP OF GOVERNOR – GENERAL ROYAL AUDIENCIA

MANILA
BOARD OF AUHORITIES
GENERAL SEGUNDO CABO
COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION
CITY GOVERNMENT(CABILDO
OR AYUNTAMIENTO)

PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT
ALCALDES EN ORDINARIO

1.ALCALDIA MAYOR 2. CORREGIMIENTOS

CORRIGEDORES(NOT
ALCALDE MAYOR(PACIFIED
COMPLETELY PACIFIED)
AREAS)
GOBERNADORCILLO OR CAPITAN FOR MUNICIPAL
GOVERNEMENT
CABEZA DE BARANGAY OR CABEZA DEL BARRIO
FOR BARRIOS
A. POLITICAL CHANGES
 A. POLITICAL CHANGES
• EXECUTIVE
– CARRIED OUT ROYAL DECRESS & LAWS FROM SPAIN
– APPOINTED & REMOVED OFFICIALS EXCEPT THOSE
APPOINTED BY THE KING
• LEGISLATIVE
– CUMPLASE OR VETO POWER
• JUDICIAL
– PRESIDENT & PRESIDING OFFICER OF THE ROYAL
AUDIENCIA
• MILITARY
– COMMANDER – IN – CHIEF OF THE ARMED FORCES
• RELIGIOUS
– VICE ROYAL PATRON OF SPAIN
 A. POLITICAL CHANGES
ADVISORY BODIES OF THE GOVERNOR –
GENERAL:
– BOARD OF AUTHORITIES
• MATTERS OF GREAT IMPORTANCE
– COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION
• STUDY THE GOV’T BUDGET
 A. POLITICAL CHANGES
CHECKS & SUCCESSION TO THE
GOVERNOR – GENERAL:
– ROYAL AUDIENCIA
– RESIDENCIA
– ARCHBISHOP & CIVIL OFFICIALS
– VISITADOR
 A. POLITICAL CHANGES
UNION OF THE CHURCH OF THE STATE

– THE FRIAR – CURATE

• REAL AUTHORITY IN EACH TOWN

– PLAZA COMPLEX OR “PUEBLO”

• BEST EXAMPLE OF THE POLITICO – RELIGIOUS
STUCTURE OF THE COLONIAL GOVERNMENT
• “UNDER THE SOUND OF THE BELL”
 B. ECONOMIC CHANGES
• TAXES OR TRIBUTE
– DEIZMOS PREDIALES
• Consist of the 1/10 of the produce of one’s land
– SANCTORIUM/SANCTORUM
• Tribute to the church
– CAJA DE COMUNIDAD
• For contingencies
– DONATIVO DE ZAMBOANGA
• Tax used for the conquest of Jolo
• ENCOMIENDA
3 KINDS:
- ROYAL
- ECCLESSIASTICAL
- PRIVATE
• MANILA – ACAPULCO TRADE
• FORCED LABOR
• BANDALA
RELIGIOUS, SOCIAL & CULTURAL
ASPECT
 C. RELIGIOUS CHANGES
• ANIMISTS ----> CHRISTIANS
• MISSIONARIES
– AUGUSTINIANS
– FRANCISCANS
– JISUITS
– DOMINICANS
– RECOLLECTS
– BENEDICTINES
 SOCIO- CULTURAL CHANGES
• REDUCCION
– THE PROCESS OF RESETTLEMENT CONDUCTED BY THE
FRIARS
– “UNDER THE SOUND OF THE BELL”
– PLAZA COMPLEX OR “PUEBLO”
• THE USE OF FAMILY NAMES
– GOV. – GEN NARCISO CLAVERIA
• ROYAL DECREE OF 1844
• THE CELEBRATION OF FIESTAS, FLORES DE MAYO,
ETC.
 SOCIO- CULTURAL CHANGES
• EDUCATIONAL TRANSFORMATION
• “TO SERVE GOD, OUR LORD & FOR THE SAKE
OF THE PUBLIC WELFARE OF OUR
KINGDOMS,IT IS ADVISABLE THAT OUR
VASSALS, SUBJECTS & NATIVES HAVE IN THEM
UNIVERSITIES…WHERE THEY MAY BE
INSTRUCTED & GRADUATED IN ALL SCIENCES
& FACULTIES”
 SOCIO- CULTURAL CHANGES
• COLLEGE OF MANILA OR COLLEGE OF SAN IGNACIO –
FIRST SCHOOL TO BE ESTABLISHED & ADMINISTERE BY
THE JESUITS
• ESCUELA PIA OR THE ATENEO DE MANILA – JESUITS
• UNIVERSITY OF STO. THOMAS – DOMINICANS
• SCHOOL FOR GIRLS
– COLEGIO(REGULAR)
• COLLEGE OF STA. POTENCIANA. LA CONCORDIA COLLEGE
– BEATERIO(SCHOOL & NUNNNERY)
• ASSUMPTION CONVENT SCHOOL
• EDUC. SYSTEM : POOR
 SOCIO- CULTURAL CHANGES
• HOSPITALS & ORPHANAGE
– HOSPITAL DE SAN JUAN DE DIOS – FRANCISCAN
LAY BRO. JUAN CLEMENTE
– HOSPICIO DE SAN JOSE
 SOCIO- CULTURAL CHANGES
NEW SOCIAL CLASSES:
•PENINSULARES – SPANIARD WHO CAME FROM
MAINLAND SPAIN
•INSULARES – CREOLES OR MULATO
– SPANIARDSBORN OUTSIDE SPAIN
•CLASE MEDIA – 19TH CENTURY
– DOMINGO LAMCO
•INDIOS – NATIVES WHO EMBRACED CHRISTIANITY
•MOROS – ISLAMIZED NATIVES
•INFIELES – NATIVES WHO WERE NOT CHRISTIANIZED
NOR ISLAMIZED
 SOCIO- CULTURAL CHANGES
• THE MODES OF DRESSING
– MUSIC, PAINTING, SCULPTURE & ARCHITECTURE
– JOTA, RIGODON, POLKA TANGO
– AWIT(CHIVALRIC POEMS), CORRIDOS(LEGENDARY –
RELIGIOUS)
• FAMILY LIFE & THE POSITION OF WOMEN
• They were trained not to be equal with men but to
become better house wives
• they were not allowed to meddle with the affairs that
were only for men
THANK YOU AND GOD BLESS!!!