Masonry

Masonry
 Masonry is the art of building with stone, bricks,
concrete blocks or similar materials.
 It is the building of structures from individual
units laid in and bound together by mortar.
Masonry (Basics)
 Concrete – the artificial stone as a result of
mixing sand, cement, gravel and water.
 Mortar – mixture of cement, sand and water used
for binding stones, bricks, etc. or for plastering.
 Plaster – mixture applied wet to wall or ceilings
and hardened to produce smooth surface.
 Cement – a bonding agent that reacts with water
to form a hard stone-like substance.
 Masonry (Basics)
 Cement – a bonding agent that reacts with water to form a
hard stone-like substance.

 Two types of Cement

 PortlandCement (Approx 24Hrs Curing Period)
 Pozzoland Cement (Approx 72Hrs Curing Period)
 Masonry (Tools)
 Roughing up tools
 Plumb bob is used in guiding the vertical position in laying
bricks
 Masonry (Tools)
 Waterand Tube Level – use to establish level marks in laying
out masonry works
 Masonry (Tools)
 Crandall – tool with pointed steel pikes used for dressing
concrete.
 Masonry (Tools)
 Bolster – tool similar with chisel including its services
 Masonry (Tools)
 Spade(Brick Trowel) – basic construction tool used in
mixing concrete.
 Masonry (Tools)
 Float – tool with handle at the back usually made of wood.
Masonry (Tools)
 Trowel – flat tool used for applying, spreading and
shaping plaster or mortar to produce smooth
finish.
Masonry (Common Materials)
 CHB - is the most widely used masonry material
for construction works.
Masonry (Common Materials)
 Bricks– are manufactured from clay and other
materials processed into workable consistency and
molded to standard sizes.
Masonry (Common Materials)
 Ashlars – carefully worked and joined stone
blocks laid in parallel horizontal courses.
Masonry (Common Materials)
 Rubble stone – irregular stones with good face for
wall surface.
 Masonry (Common Materials)
 Aggregates - the material that
is bound together into a
conglomerated mass by
cement and water to form
concrete, mortar or plaster.
 Fine – sand
 Coarse – crushed rocks,
gravel .
Masonry (Strength of Concrete)
 Correct proportion of the ingredients
 Quality of the materials
 Proper methods of mixing
 Proper placement or depositing of the concrete inside
the form
 Adequate protection during the period of curing
 Finding the Quantity of Cement, Sand and Gravel
 It will depend on the kind of mixture (AA, A, B or C)
 Find the volume
Masonry (Mixing Proportion)
GRADES OF CONCRETE RATIOS OF CONCRETE MIX
DESIGN
C:S:A
M5 1 : 5 : 10
M7.5 1:4:8
M10 1:3:6
M15 1:2:4
M20 1 : 1.5 : 3
M25 1:1:2
M30 1 : 0.75 : 1.5
M35 1 : 0.5 : 1
M40 1 : 0.25 : 0.5
Masonry (Mixing Proportion)
Class RATIO OF Purpose
CONCRETE

AA 1 : 1.5 : 3 Specialized Extra Strength

A 1:2:4 For beams, slabs, columns, all members subjected to

bending

B 1 : 2.5 : 5 For member not reinforced for bending stress

C 1:3:6 For footing (not under water)

 Masonry
Example:
(Estimating materials)
 Determine the number of bags of cement of a proposed concrete pavement whose
width and length are 2m x 2m. The thickness is 20cm using Class A mixing
proportion.

 Given:
 Width = 2 m        
 Length = 2 m              
 Thickness = 0.2 m (Converted cm to m)

 Req’d: number of bags of CEMENT, SAND and GRAVEL


Masonry
STEP 1
(Estimating materials)
 VC = Volume of concrete = 2m * 2m * 0.2m
 VC = 0.8 m3

 Assuming we need Class A (1:2:4) mixing proportion.

 Total parts of Class A concrete is = 1 + 2 + 4 = 7 Parts

 CEMENT QUANTITY = (Cement Part/Concrete Parts)*VC
 CEMENT QUANTITY = (1/7)*0.8 m3
 CEMENT QUANTITY = 0.1142 m3
 Density of Cement = 1,440 kg/ m3
 =0.1142 x 1,440 = 164.448 kg.
 164.448 / 40 = 4.1112 bags

Masonry
STEP 2
(Estimating materials)
 VC = Volume of concrete = 2m * 2m * 0.2m
 VC = 0.8 m3

 Assuming we need Class A (1:2:4) mixing proportion.

 Total parts of Class A concrete is = 1 + 2 + 4 = 7 Parts

 SAND QUANTITY = (Sand Part/Concrete Parts)*VC
 SAND QUANTITY = (2/7)*0.8 m3
 SAND QUANTITY = 0.2285 m3

Masonry
STEP 3
(Estimating materials)
 VC = Volume of concrete = 2m * 2m * 0.2m
 VC = 0.8 m3

 Assuming we need Class A (1:2:4) mixing proportion.

 Total parts of Class A concrete is = 1 + 2 + 4 = 7 Parts

 GRAVEL QUANTITY = (Gravel Part/Concrete Parts)*VC
 GRAVEL QUANTITY = (4/7)*0.8 m3
 GRAVEL QUANTITY = 0.4571 m3

Masonry
STEP 4
(Estimating materials)
 WATER CEMENT RATIO
 According to IS WATER-CEMENT RATIO for Concrete is 0.45
 Required Amount of Water = W/C Ratio x Cement Volume

 Therefore, Water = 0.45 x .1142 m3 = 0.05139m3

 Unit Weight of Water = 1000 liters/ m3

 Required Amount of Water = 0.05139 x 1000 = 51.39 liters

 THEREFORE WE NEED
 5 Bags of Cement, .2285 m3 of Sand and .4571 m3 of Gravel
Masonry (Concrete anatomy)
Masonry (Concrete Hollow Block)

Ear
Web
Cell
End Shell
or Frog Face Shell
 Masonry (CHB Quantity)
 A Standard “Nominal” size of a CHB is 8 in. x 16 in.
find the area of the wall
Masonry (CHB Quantity Estimate)
 1 sq,m. area is always equivalent to 12.5 pcs of CHB (Concrete Hollow
Block)
 A Standard size of a CHB is 8 in. x 16 in.
 First step is to find the area of the wall that will be laib by CHB
 ex. A 2m height (L) and 3m span (W) wall is needed
 A= L x W
 A= 2 x 3
 A= 6 sq. m.

 1 sq. m. of a wall consist of 12.5 pcs of CHB

 Qty=A x 12.5
 Qty = 6 sq, m. x 12.5 pcs = 75
 Qty = 75pcs
Masonry (CHB Quantity Estimate)
 Howmany pieces CHB will it take to build a
36m x 36m of bungalow house with a height of
3m?
Masonry (CHB Quantity Estimate)
 How many Cement, Sand and Gravel will it
take to build a 4 columns on a house of 36m x
36m of bungalow house with a dimension .25m
in with and height of 3m with a Class B mixing
proportion?
Masonry (Tile)
 A tile is a manufactured piece of hard-wearing
material such as ceramic, stone, metal, or
even glass, generally used for covering roofs,
floors, walls, showers, or other objects such as
tabletops.
 Sometime referred to as Glazed Brick and comes
in Inches
 First used during the 13th Century in Persia
Masonry (Tile computation)
1 Meter = 39.37 Inches
 Formula : N=A/T
 Where:
 N= No. Of tiles needed
 A=Area of the Floor to be tiled
 T=Size of the tile
Masonry (Tile computation)
 Example: 1 Meter = 39.37 Inches
 Area of the room is 10m(L) 10m(W)
 Tile size to be used is 12”x 12”
 Solution:
 A=(39.37in x 10m L) X (39.37in x 10m W)
 A=(393.7) X (393.7)
 A= 154,999.69 sq in

 T= 12” X 12”
 T= 144 sq in
Masonry (Tile computation)
 Example: 1 Meter = 39.37 Inches
 Area of the room is 10m(L) 10m(W)
 Tile size to be used is 12”x 12”
 Solution:
 A= 154,999.69 sq in
 T= 144 sq in

 N= A/T
 N = (154,999.69 sq in) / (144 sq in)
 N = 1,076.38
Masonry (Tile computation)
 Allow for 5% more material for waste. This is an
estimate only.
Masonry (Tile Quantity Estimate)
 How many tiles it will take for a 4 x 6 meter of a
bedroom with an 18’X18” of ceramic tile?