Preparation of

Concrete and its

Uses
PRESENTED BY:
What is Concrete?
• An artificial stone-like mass is the composite
material that is created by mixing binding
material (cement or lime) along with the
aggregate (sand, gravel, stone, brick chips,
etc.), water, admixtures, etc in specific
proportions. The strength and quality are
dependent on the mixing proportions.
• Concrete is a very necessary and useful material for construction work. Once all the
ingredients -cement, aggregate, and water unit of measurement mixed inside the
required proportions, the cement and water begin a reaction with one another to bind
themselves into a hardened mass. This hardens the rock-like mass is the concrete.

Brief History
• The Romans invented hydraulic cement-based concrete. The British improved upon it
and popularized it in the modern world. The Pantheon in Rome is one of the finest
examples of Roman architecture that has survived to this day and has a 42-meter-
diameter dome made of poured concrete.
Advantages of Using Concrete in Construction

• Concrete is Economical

• Excellent Water Resistance Characteristics

• Low or Zero Maintenance Required

• Multi-Mode Application

• Ability to be Cast into Shape

The Types of Concrete
 1. Normal Strength Concrete

- This concrete combines all the basic ingredients — concrete, sand and aggregate — using
the 1:2:4 ratio. This produces normal strength concrete. It takes about 30 to 90 minutes to
set, but this is dependent on the weather conditions at the concrete site and the cement’s
properties.

2. Plain Ordinary Concrete

- This is another concrete that uses the common mix design of 1:2:4 with its components of
cement, sand and aggregates. You can employ it to make pavement or buildings where there
is not a high demand for tensile strength .
 3. Reinforced Concrete

- This form of concrete is widely used in industry and modern construction. The strength of
reinforced concrete is aided by placing wires, steel rods or cables in the concrete before it
sets. A more familiar name for these items is rebar. Lately, people have used fibers to
reinforce this concrete.

4. Prestressed Concrete

- Many large concrete projects use prestressed concrete units. Prestressed concrete is
created using a special technique. Like reinforced concrete, it includes bars or tendons. But
these bars or tendons are stressed before the actual application of the concrete.
 5. Precast Concrete

- This concrete is created and cast in a factory according to exact specifications.

Precast concrete units are then transported to the site and assembled.

6. Lightweight concrete

- Also known as cellular concrete, this is a very 'flowable' material and so can be
easily poured by using gravity and is self-levelling. It is typically used to construct
floor slabs, window panels and roofs.

7. High density concrete

- This type of heavyweight concrete has a greater density than other types and is
manufactured using crushed rocks as coarse aggregate. As it provides good protection from
x-rays and radiation, it is often used in nuclear power plants and other such buildings.
 8. Glass reinforced concrete

- Glass reinforced concrete (GRC), or glass-fibre reinforced concrete (GFRC), is a

construction material that is commonly used to form exterior cladding panels.

9. Asphalt Concrete

- Asphalt concrete may be a material, the mixture of aggregates and asphalts

ordinarily accustomed surface roads, parking tons, airports, yet because of the core
of mound dams.

10. Lime Concrete

- In this type of concrete, lime is used as a binding material with the aggregates. Before
the invention of cement, the most used concrete was lime concrete.
 Preparing and Placing of Concrete
The following steps are involved in the concreting:

• Batching or Measurement of materials

• Mixing
• Transporting
• Placing
• Compacting
• Curing
• Finishing

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