HSK 1 VOCABULARIES

PERSONAL PRONOUNS
 我

wǒ

I, me
 我们
wǒmen
we, us (pl.)
 你
nǐ
you
 你们
nǐmen
you (pl.)
 他
tā
he, him
 她
tā
she, her
 他们
tāmen
they (male+female /male, pl.)
 她们
t āmen
they (females ,pl .)
DEMONTRATIVE PRONOUNS
 这
zhè
(zhèr)
here, this
 那
nà (nàr)
there, that
INTERROGATIVE
PRONOUNS
 哪
nǎ (nǎr)
where
谁

Sheí
who
 什么
shén me
what,
why
 多少
Duōshǎo
how many,
how much
 几

Jǐ

a few, how
many
怎么

zěnme

how
• This has similar connotations to saying "how come" in English. It not only
asks why, but expresses some surprise at the situation, and in some cases
even disagreement with it.
Examples:
• Nǐ zěnme bù shuō xièxiè? (How come you didn't say thank you?)
• Nǐ zěnme bù gěi wǒ dǎ diànhuà? (How come you didn't call me?)

With Adjective
In this case, you need some negative words after 怎么 (zěnme).
• Lǎoshī zěnme bù gāoxìng? (How come the teacher is unhappy?)
 怎么样

zěnmeyàng

how about
• 怎么样 can be used to ask for an opinion, or in the negative form to
state that something is not all that good.

• Firstly, let's look at the character breakdown:

• 怎 / zěn / what? why? How?

• 么 / me / interrogative particle

• 样 / yàng / shape, form, pattern, manner

• So we can see this word relates to the "how" or "what" or "manner" of
something.

• 1. How's it going? - 怎么样？

A common way to make small talk, 怎么样 can be used as an informal way
to ask:
• Nǐ zuìjìn zěnmeyàng ？ (How have you been lately?)

2. What do you think? How about it? - 你认为怎么样？

When you want someone's opinion, add 怎么样 at the end of a sentence:
• Nǐ juéde tā zěnmeyàng? (What do you think of her?)

• 怎么样 is quite colloquial - use it with friends and co-workers and in your
daily life to ask opinions and make small talk!
NUMBERAL
一

yī

one
二

èr

two
 三

sān

three
四

sì

four
五

Wǔ

five
六

Liù

six
 七

qī

seven
 八

bā

eight
 九

Jiǔ

nine
十

shí

ten
 零

líng

zero
QUANTIFIER
 个

gè

one, a, an
 岁

suì

year
 本

běn

volume
 些

xiē

some, a few
 块

kuài

a unit of money,
same as “yuan”
ADVERB
不

bù

no
没

méi

no
1. 沒 is for Past Actions!
• 不 (bù) can be used for negating actions
in the present, and future, while 沒 oFuture
(méi) is used for indicating what did not •
他明天不上班。
occur in the past, or something that has
not completed yet. • Tā míngtiān bù shàngbān.
• He will not go to work tomorrow.
oPresent
• 我不喜欢吃面。 oPast
• Wǒ bù xǐhuān chī miàn. • 昨天沒下雨
• I do not like to eat noodles. • Zuótiān méi xià yǔ.
• It did not rain yesterday.
2. Only Use 「不」 for Adjectives!
• An additional 不 (bù) before the adjective will give a ‘not + adjective’
meaning. On the other hand, 沒 (méi) does not apply for the
adjective.

• Structure: Subject + 不 + Adjective

• 他不高。
• Tā bù gāo.
• He is not tall.
3. Only Use 「沒」 for Nouns!
• 沒有 (méi you), which can be shortened as 沒 (méi), is used for
expressing ‘do not have’, ‘there is not’, or ‘there are not’.

• Structure: Subject + 沒有 / 沒 + Noun

• 我没有时间。
• Wǒ méiyǒu shíjiān.
• I do not have time.
4. Special Cases!
• Certain verbs in Chinese can only use 不 (bù) as the negative
determiner, regardless of time (past, present, future). For instances:

Example:
• 她不是美国人。
• Tā bùshì měiguó rén.
• She is not an American.

• 我不知道她叫什么名字。
• Wǒ bù zhīdào tā jiào shénme míngzì.
• I don’t know what her name is.
 很

h ěn

quite, very
太

tài

too
都

dōu

all
CONJUNCTION
和

hé

and
PREPARATION
 在

zài

in, at
AUXILIARY
的

de
了

le
‘ 了’（ le ） is one of three vital auxiliary words in Chinese, all of
which are widely used in oral or written Chinese to express grammatical
features instead of using a change of word form as with English.
• 1. ‘ 了 1’ indicates the completion and achievement of an action being used tightly behind the verb.
E.g.
他买了一个新手机。 (Tā mǎi le yí ge xīn shǒujī.)
He has bought a new mobile phone.

2. ‘ 了 2’ functions as a modal particle

• (a) It can be placed at the end of a sentence;
• (b) It can be used to indicate that something has happened or has occurred;
• (c) It can be used to show or confirm a certain fact;
• (d) There usually is a time word in the sentence; if not, the sentence will indicate that something happened or
occurred just now.

• 你吃饭了吗？ (Nǐchīfàn le mɑ?)

• Did you eat already/Have you eaten?
• 3. ‘ 了 1+2’ as a modal particle indicates a change, or in other words,
something new has occurred, which is also put at the end of the
sentence
• E.g.
• 我不吃了。 (Wǒbùchī le.)
• I don’t want to eat.
(Change of attitude. I said I wanted to eat, but now I don’t want to eat.)

• 五点了。 (Wǔdiǎn le.)

• It’s 5 o’clock.
(Change of time)
The particles 呢 (ne) and 吗 (ma) are
extremely common in Chinese.
• 呢 and 吗 are similar in the following ways:

• Both go at the end of a sentence.

• Both of them can form questions.
• Both of them are pronounced in neutral tone.
• But these two particles have different uses:

• 吗 is used to turn statements into yes-no questions.

• 呢 is mostly used to turn statements into queries (amongst other things).
吗

ma
吗 (ma)
你会说中文吗？
• Nǐ huì shuō Zhōngwén ma? (Do you speak
Chinese?) • 他是泰国人。
• Tā shì Tàiguórén.
• 这是你的。 • He's from Thailand.
• Zhè shì nǐ de.
• This is yours. • 他是泰国人吗？
• Tā shì Tàiguórén ma?
• 这是你的吗？ • Is he from Thailand?
• Zhè shì nǐ de ma?
• Is this yours?
呢

ne
呢 (ne)
The particle 呢 has more uses than 吗 , but we’ll look at the most
important one here: forming queries, or asking bounce-back questions.
• This is often equivalent to saying “and … ?“, “what about … ?” or “how about
… ?” in English.
Examples:
• 你呢？
• Nǐ ne?
• And you?

• 我呢？
• Wǒ ne?
• What about me?
INTERJECTION
 喂

wèi

hello
1. 你叫什么名字 ?
2. 今天是星期三
3. 这个月是十月
4. 你是哪国人 ?
5. 我们的国家
NOUN
 家

jiā

home
 学校

xuéxiào

school
 饭店

fàndiàn

restaurant
 商店

shāngdiàn

store
 医院

yīyuàn

hospital
 火车站

huǒchēzhàn

train station
 中国

zhōng guó

China
 北京

běijīng

Beijing
 上

shàng

up
 下

xià

down
 前面

qiánmiàn

front
 后面

hòumiàn

behind
里面

lǐmiàn

inside
今天

jīntiān

today
 明天

míngtiān

tomorrow
 昨天

zuótiān

yesterday
 上午

shàngwǔ

morning
 中午

zhōngwǔ

noon
 下午

xiàwǔ

afternoon
 年

nián

year
日

rì

day
星期

xīngqī

week
 点

diǎn

Hour, o’clock
 分钟

fēnzhōng

minute
 现在

xiànzài

now
时候

shíhou

time
爸爸

bàba

father
 妈妈

māma

mother
儿子

érzi

son
 女儿

nǚér

daughter
 老师

lǎoshī

teacher
 学生

xuéshēng

student
 同学

tóngxué

shoolmate
 朋友

péngyou

friend
 医生

yīshēng

doctor
 先生

xiānsheng

sir
小姐

xiǎojiě

Miss
衣服

yīfu

cloth
 水

shuǐ

water
 菜

c ài

vegetable
米饭

mǐfàn

rice
 水果

shuǐguǒ

fruit
 苹果

píngguǒ

apple
茶

chá

tea
杯子

bēizi

cup
 钱

qián

money
 飞机

fēijī

airplane
出租车

chūzūchē

taxi
 电视

diànshì

television
 电脑

diànnǎo

computer
 电影

diànyǐng

movie
 天气

tiānqì

weather
猫

māo

Cat
狗

gǒu

dog
东西

dōngxi

thing
 人

rén

person
名字

míngzi

name
 书

shū

book
 汉语

hànyǔ

mandarin
Chinese
 字

zì

character
桌子

zhuōzi

desk
椅子

yǐzi

chair
VERB
谢谢

xièxie

thank
 不客气

búkèqì

you are
welcome
 再见

zàijiàn

good-bye
 请

qǐng

please
对不起

duìbùqǐ

sorry
 没关系

méiguānxì

It doesn’t
matter
 是

shì

be (am, is, are)

 有

yǒu

have
看

kàn

look
 听

tīng

listen
 说话

shuōhuà

speak
读

dú

read
 写

xiě

write
 看见

kànjiàn

see
叫

jiào

call
来

lái

come
 回

huí

return
去

qù

go
吃

chī

eat
 喝

hē

drink
 睡觉

shuìjiào

sleep
 打电话

dǎdiànhuà

call up
做

zuò

do
买

mǎi

buy
开

kāi

open
坐

zuò

sit
住

zhù

live
学习

xuéxí

study
 工作

gōngzuò

work
下雨

xiàyǔ

rain
爱

ài

love
 喜欢

xǐhuān

love, like
 想

xiǎng

want
认识

rènshi

know
会

huì

can
 能

néng

can,
be able to
ADJECTIVE
 好

hǎo

good
大

dà

big
 小

xiǎo

small
 多

duō

many,
much
 少

shǎo

few, little
冷

lěng

cold
 热

rè

hot
 高兴

gāoxìng

happy
 漂亮

piàoliàng

beautiful