AGRIC 104

Basic Biotechnology
ATTENDANCE

KUMUSTAHAN

? !! T.T …. -_-
SUBJECT /CLASS RULES

1.DRESS CODES
2.BEHAVIOR AND ATTENDANCE
3.SCOPE OF SUBJECT
4.GRADING SYSTEM
SUBJECT /CLASS RULES

1.DRESS CODES AND PROPER ETIQUETTE

NO SHIRTLESS ---------------WEAR PROPER SHIRTS

NO DARING CLOTHS------------WEAR PROPER SHIRTS
NO DOU ON CAM -------------Unless with a classmate
NO NOISY BACK GROUND--------Audio off or Use Headset
NO INTERUPTION WHEN SOMEONE IS TALKING----PRESS RAISE A HAND
SUBJECT /CLASS RULES

1.DRESS CODES
2.BEHAVIOR AND ATTENDANCE
NO TRASH TALKING------------MIND YOUR WORDS
NO BASHING--------------BE QUITE when you cant say any good.
NO NONVALID REASONS -------- TAKE YOUR RESPONSIBILITY
NO LATE SUBMISSIONS -------- Unless there are valid reason
SUBJECT /CLASS RULES

1.DRESS CODES
2.BEHAVIOR AND ATTENDANCE
3.SCOPE OF SUBJECT
prelim
I. HISTORY ,SCOPE AND DEVELOPMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
A. Introduction
B. Branches of Biotechnology
C. Biotechnology and its various stages of development
D. Scope and Importance of Biotechnology
SUBJECT /CLASS RULES

1.DRESS CODES
2.BEHAVIOR AND ATTENDANCE
3.SCOPE OF SUBJECT
E. TECHNIQUES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
a. Bio reactors
b. Cell fusion
c. Liposome-Based delivery
d. Cell or Tissue culture
SUBJECT /CLASS RULES

1.DRESS CODES
2.BEHAVIOR AND ATTENDANCE
3.SCOPE OF SUBJECT
E. TECHNIQUES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
e. Genetic Engineering
f. DNA Finger printing
g. Cloning
h. Artificial Insemination and ET technology
i. Stem cell Technology
SUBJECT /CLASS RULES

1.DRESS CODES
2.BEHAVIOR AND ATTENDANCE
3.SCOPE OF SUBJECT
Midterm
II. LABORATORY EQUIPMENTS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
III. GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISM
A. Regulatory procedures
B. Regulatory Processes
C. Impacts on health and Medicine
D. Impact on environment
e. Impacts on Economy
SUBJECT /CLASS RULES

1.DRESS CODES
2.BEHAVIOR AND ATTENDANCE
3.SCOPE OF SUBJECT
Midterm
II. LABORATORY EQUIPMENTS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
III. GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISM
IV. CONTROVERSIES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
A. Monarch butterfly controversy
B. Starlink corn controversy
C. Poisonous potato controversy
D. The Mexican corn gene escape Controversy
SUBJECT /CLASS RULES

1.DRESS CODES
2.BEHAVIOR AND ATTENDANCE
3.SCOPE OF SUBJECT
Midterm
II. LABORATORY EQUIPMENTS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
III. GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISM
IV. CONTROVERSIES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
A. Monarch butterfly controversy
B. Starlink corn controversy
C. Poisonous potato controversy
D. The Mexican corn gene escape Controversy
SUBJECT /CLASS RULES

1.DRESS CODES
2.BEHAVIOR AND ATTENDANCE

3.SCOPE OF SUBJECT
Midterm
II. LABORATORY EQUIPMENTS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
III. GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISM
IV. CONTROVERSIES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
V. ISSUES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
A. Banning and Moratorium
B. Labelling
SUBJECT /CLASS RULES

3.SCOPE OF SUBJECT
Midterm
II. LABORATORY EQUIPMENTS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
III. GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISM
IV. CONTROVERSIES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY

V. ISSUES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
C. Intellectual Property
D. Germ line therapy
E. Gene Therapy
F. Cloning
G. Status of Local Biotechnology
SUBJECT /CLASS RULES

3.SCOPE OF SUBJECT
FINALS
VI. LAWS AND REGULATIONS ON BIOTECHNOLOGY
A. International Conventions affecting biotechnology
B. Local Regulations and Biosafety
C. Principles Behind Laws and Regulations
D. Role of Institutions
Alternatives in Biotechnology
SUBJECT /CLASS RULES

3.SCOPE OF SUBJECT
FINALS
VI. LAWS AND REGULATIONS ON BIOTECHNOLOGY
VII. APPLICATION
A.ASEXUAL PROPAGATION
B. FOOD PROCESSING
SUBJECT /CLASS RULES

1.DRESS CODES
2.BEHAVIOR AND ATTENDANCE
3.SCOPE OF SUBJECT Theoretical 50 % Laboratory 50 %
4.GRADING SYSTEM Requirements
Quizzes/activities 20 % Quality of Work/output 25%

Recitation /Presentation 30 % Accuracy 25%

Values and attendance 20 % Work Ethics 25%

Term Examinations 30% Maintaining Laboratory rules 25%

and Facilities
TOTAL 100 % 100%
QUESTIONS ANS SUGESTIONS
BIOTECHNOLOGY

What is Biotechnology?
-The Engineering of organisms for the purpose of Human
Usage. (Saurabh Bhatia.2011)
The utilization of Biological processes, Organisms or systems
to produce products that are anticipated to improve human
lives.

-Is a broad area of Biology ,Involving the use of living systems

and organisms to develop or make products. (Wikipedia 2021)
BIOTECHNOLOGY

What is Biotechnology?
BIOLOGY + TECHNOLOGY =BIOTECHNOLOGY
 A set of techniques that are employed to manipulate living
organisms, or utilize biological agents on their
components, to produce useful products/services.
=first coined by the Hungarian engineer Karl Ereky on
1919 which means the production of products from raw
materials with the aid of living organism.
BIOTECHNOLOGY

What is Biotechnology?
BIOLOGY + TECHNOLOGY =BIOTECHNOLOGY

=first coined by the Hungarian engineer Karl Ereky on 1919

which means the production of products from raw materials
with the aid of living organism.
Today ,the EXPLOITATION of animals and plant cells cultured
in in vitro as well as their constituent for generating
products/services is an integral part of biotechnology.
BIOTECHNOLOGY

When did Biotechnology start?

DURING PRE HISTORIC TIME
people believed that it was a gift from God
Late 1800s –Louis Pasteur –Germ Theory
 Presenting the survival of micro organisms and their further effects on the process
of fermentation.
CHINA- Soy bean Curd use to treat boils (medicine)
UKRAIN- Moldly cheese to treat infected wound (Medicine)
1828 –Alexander Fleming extracted penicillin,the first antibiotic,from mold.
-Chaim Weizman (Jewish Russian) Clostridium acytobutylicum bacteria
(explosive war craft)
BIOTECHNOLOGY

When did Biotechnology start?

DURING PRE HISTORIC TIME (Ancient)
What are their technologies?
- DOMESTICATION
STOCK AND PLANT IMPROVEMENT
-CROSS POLLINATION
- CROSS BREEDING
- FERMENTATION (The oldest form of Biotechnology)
-Food Processing/Presevation –Yeast ,Vinigar
HISTORICAL EVENT IN BIOTECHNOLOGY

PRE-1800
 YEAST
 Saccharomyces Cerevisiae,
 or “sugar-eating fungus.”
HISTORICAL EVENT IN BIOTECHNOLOGY

PRE-1800
 Greek Philosopher Socrates
 Similar Characteristic
from parent to sibling
 Socratic Techniques
HISTORICAL EVENT IN BIOTECHNOLOGY

PRE-1800
 Greek Philosopher Aristotle
 Theorized “all inheritance
Originates from Father
 Father of Biology
HISTORICAL EVENT IN BIOTECHNOLOGY

PRE-1800
William Harvey
Plants and animals are similar
in their Production
HISTORICAL EVENT IN BIOTECHNOLOGY

PRE-1800
Antonie Leeuwenhoek
First researcher to explain
Micro organism
Father of Microbiology
HISTORICAL EVENT IN BIOTECHNOLOGY

1800-1900

 Nicolas Apert
 Ignaz Semmelweis-
Germ theory
Handwashing Standard
 Carl Ludwig- discovered keeping the animal organ
alive under in vitro condition.
HISTORICAL EVENT IN BIOTECHNOLOGY

1800-1900
 Charles Darwin- Naturalist
 Pasteur- Pasteurization – eliminating of pathogen
Using heat

Heinrich Anton de Bary-Study Potato Blight

Gregor Mendel –Father of Genetics
Casimir Joseph Davaine-Bacterial infection
HISTORICAL EVENT IN BIOTECHNOLOGY

1800-1900

Walter Fleming –Discovered Mitosis

Robert Koch- Bacteriology
Louis Pasteur – rabbies Vaccine
 The Rockefeller Foundation
 Cortisone
Selman Abraham Waksman –Streptomycin –Active
 The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization was Established in
Quebec,Canada
HISTORICAL EVENT IN BIOTECHNOLOGY

1800-1900

Barbara McClintock
 “Transposable Genes”

Erwin Chargaff –Chargaff’s Rule

HISTORICAL EVENT IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
DNA Research, Science Explode
1953-1976
 Discovery of structure of DNA
Explosion of Molecular Biology and Genetics
 Watson and Crick –Nature (published Journal)
 George Otto Gey developed the
Hela human Cell line (Henrietta Lacks)-
first immortal human cell and were culture
to develop a polio vaccine.
HISTORICAL EVENT IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
DNA Research, Science Explode
1953-1976
 Crick AND Gamov – ‘Central dogma”
 Francois Jacob and Jacques Lucien Monod
Documented the veracity of gene based regulation
Explained Gene Mapping
 Genetic codes are explored.
 Cancer causing substances or chemicals are distinguished.
 Oncogenesis- canser causing genes
 Arthur Kornberg
 Paul Berg
etc… (pp 13-14)
HISTORICAL EVENT IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGY
1977-PRESENT
 GENETIC ENGINEERING
 ACHIEVED HUMAN PROTEIN(Somatostatin)
 GMO-GMO was allowed to patent oil eating micro organism
 Human Insulin in the market are established
 GMO plant exist
 Recombinant Vaccine for Hepatitis
 GMO mouse-susceptible to breast cancer.
 First gene based therapy-Gene therapy
 Commencement of Human Genome Project
HISTORICAL EVENT IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGY
1977-PRESENT
 The Jurassic Park-Novel by Michael Chrichton
Bioengineered dinosours
 US Army started takin blood and tissue sample
 Polymerase chain reaction, or PCR Tool was invented
 Roslin Institute, Scotland announced that they had cloned the SHEEP
- Dolly the sheep are from the cell of ewe.
 Kinki University,Japan-cloned eight identical calves
 Diagnosis of Madcow Disease (Bovine Spongiform encephalophaty) OR
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)
HISTORICAL EVENT IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
3 BROAD CATEGORY
 Ancient biotechnology (8000–4000 BC):
 Early history as related to food and shelter; includes domestication of animals.
 Classical biotechnology (2000 BC; 1800–1900 AD): Built on
ancient biotechnology; fermentation promotes food production and medicine.
 1900–1953: Genetics.
 1953–1976: DNA research, science explodes.
 Modern biotechnology (1977): Manipulates genetic information in
organisms; genetic engineering; various technologies enable us to improve crop
yield and food quality in agriculture and to produce a broader array of products
in industries.
WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT THE HISTORY OF BIOTECHNOLOGY?

FOOD PRODUCTION
MECINE

 Medicine Production Pharceutical Production