PHILOSOPHY

By:
Donnica Badana Sanico
 The thoughts and ideas
of philosophers soon gained
Popularity in many places
throughout the world.
Eastern philosophy emerged
From the communities and
civilizations in Asia
 Eastern philosophy
is more fluid and places
greater emphasis on
Social relations, family
And community.
Western philosophies pondered
the significant questions
regarding human existence. It
Became more systematic
And specialized in its
approach
 At present philosophy is
an important study as it
touches upon a diverse array
of topics and disciplines.
Every aspect of human
Knowledge from the arts to
Science and technology
Has benefitted from it.
Enduring questions regarding
Human existence.
1. What is real?
2. Are we able to perceive and
3. Understand reality and
everything in it?
4. How do we know what
We know?
 Enduring questions regarding
Human existence.
5. Are the things that we know true?
6. What is the ultimate cause of all
things?
7. What is our purpose in this world?
8. To what extent are our choice and
Actions considered free?
 Ancient Greek Philosophers
1. Pythagoras (570 BCE-495 BCE)

Mathematician and scientist.

Formulated the Pythagorean theorem
Established a community of learners
who were devoted to the study of religion
And philosophy.
1. Pythagoras
 Ancient Greek Philosophers
2. Heraclitus (535BCE-475BCE)

He proposed that everything that exist

is based on a higher order or plan which
He called logos. Known for his saying
“No man ever steps in the same river twice.”
2. Heraclitus
 Ancient Greek Philosophers
3. Democritus (460 BCE-370 BCE)
He devoted himself t the study of
the causes of natural phenomena.
The first to propose that matter is
Composed of tiny particles called atoms.
3. Democritus
 Ancient Greek Philosophers
4. Diogenes of Sinope (412 BCE-323 BCE)

an advocate of living a simple and virtuous life.

He was said to have lived like a beggar. Known
As vocal critic of well known philosophers such
As Plato and Aristotle. His teachings and views
were developed by his followers and influenced
several schools of Philosophy such as Cynicism and
Stoicism.
4. Diogenes
of
Sinope
 Ancient Greek Philosophers

5. Epicunis-(341 BCE-270 BCE)

He believed that philosophy could enable man to
live a life a happiness. His views gave rise to
Epicureanism – a school of philosophy which
believes that wisdom and simple living will result in
a life free of fear and pain.
5. Epicurus
 Ancient Greek Philosophers

6. Socrates- he was considered the foremost

philosopher pf ancient times. He made great
contributions to the field of ethics. Socrates was a
known critic of intellectuals during his time, but he
himself did not claim to be “wise’ and merely
considered himself a “midwife’ that helped inquiring
minds achieve wisdom.
6. Socrates
 Ancient Greek Philosophers

6. Socrates-He also believed that philosophy could

unable a man to live a life of virtue. He was credited
with formulating the Socritic Method – a means of
examining a topic by devising a series of questions
that let the learner examine and analyse his
knowledge and views regarding the topic.
 Ancient Greek Philosophers

7. Plato-

Platos’s most significant ideas included his

Theory of Forms, which proposes that everything
that exists is based on an idea or template that can
only be perceived in the mind: these nonphysical
ideas are eternal and unchanging.
 Ancient Greek Philosophers
7. Plato-
He also focused his studies on the ideal society and
proposed an ideal model of government and society which
is rules by wisdom and reason. Plato is also known for his
dialectic - a method inquiry where two opposing ideas are
discussed in an attempt to arrive at new knowledge.
Plato’s lasting contribution to learning his founding of
the Academy, an institution of higher learning which was
the first of its kind in the Western World.
7. Plato
 Ancient Greek Philosophers
8.Aristotle (384 BCE-322 BCE) He attended the
academy and was a prominent student of Plato. He
disagreed with Plato’s theory of forms and took a
different stance in interpreting reality. For him all
ideas and views are based on perception and our
reality is based on what we can sence and perceive.
This view greatly influenced the study of the
physical sciences.
 Ancient Greek Philosophers
8.Aristotle (384 BCE-322 BCE) Aristotle was
involved in a great variety of disciplines such as
zoology, psychology, ethics, and politics. He also
proposed a system for the classification of plants and
animals. His studies in logic led to the formulation
process oof analyzing reasoning which gave use to
deductive reasoning – the process by which specific
statements are analyzed to reach a conclusion or
generalization.
8. Aristotle