INTERSHIP PROGRAM(2022)

MATTANUR POLY TECHNIC COLLAGE SUMMER INTERNSHIP

FINAL REPORT.(ELECTRONICS DEPARTMENT)

BSNL KANNUR
 SUBMITTED BY.

• ELECTRONICS DEPARTMENT STUDENTS 2ND SEM

DATE:13/07/2022
• THE intership program started on MAY 5 .The first day we all are
gatherd in BSNL OFFICE @KANNUR .
• 1st day BSNL employees conducted the class how the BSNL works
and the various secters .There were a online class which connects
students from other districts in kerala .
• The we all are grouped up of 15 members for different sections.
• THIS internship program gave us the the information about how BSNL
work the different sectors of BSNL and the duties etsc
• We got a good opertunity explore the information about BSNL
DEPART

SPECIAL THANKS TO
• The known and unknown empolyees of BSNL for this wonder full
experience
• For our teachers
THE SECTIONS

• 1) FTTH (KUTHUPARAMBA BSNL

OFFICE).

• 2)TELEPHONE EXCHANGE(MATTANUR
BSNLOFFICE).

• 3)MOBILE -
COMMUNICATION&TRANSMISSION
(THALASSERY BSNL OFFICE).
Introduction.

BSNL:-
• Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited was established in October

2000 and its headquarters are in Delhi.

• It is fourth largest department of Tele Communication

Company in Asia and tenth in world today. Which is one of

the most earning revenue in India. Above more than 3 lakhes

employees, officer and engineers working in BSNL at present.

Introduction...

It provides comprehensive range of telecom services in India: Wire

line, CDMA mobile, GSM Mobile, Internet, Broadband.

BSNL cellular service, Cell One,

• 90.09 million cellular customers
• 5.06 million WLL customers,
• 24.58 million Basic Phone subscribers i.e. 71.93 per cent share
of the subscriber base.
EXISTING SYSTEM
The transmission
system consists of
1.Switching Equipment
2. Main Distribution Frame

Construction of MDF is
• Verticle side or line side

• Horizontal side or LEN side or exchange side

3.Switch Room
4.Power Plant
4.Battery Room
 Practical Exposure
1.Optical Fiber
Types:
Color codes
SPLICING

Cutter that is used prior to splicing

Splicing types
1.Mechanical Splicing

2.Fusion Splicing

3.Chemical Splicing
 1.Mechanical splicing

 Capillary Splicing

 Elastomeric Splicing
2.Fusion Splicing

 Fusion splicing two fibers involves several steps.

End preparation are Striping (cable jacket, buffer tu
be & coating), Cleaving, Cleaning the end surface.
FTTH(Fiber to the home)
• It is the form of fiber optic communication
network in which optical signal reaches upto the
end user’s office.
 FTTH...

• Direct fiber:Here each fiber leaving the central o

ffice goes to exactly one customer .i.e. point to
point topology. Provides excellent bandwidth be
cause each customer have their own dedicated
fiber.
 2.SHARED FIBER
In this architecture, each fiber leaving the central
office is actually shared by many customers.
There are two leading optical distribution
networks with which we can achieve this split.
1.Active optical network (AONs)
2.Passive optical network (PONs)
1.AON Architecture:
PON architecture:
OTDR

Based on Reyleigh scattering

OTDR principle
Software Packages of BSNL

• SSANeT
• Dotsoft
• GPMS (Group Performance Management Syst
em)
• CLARITY
• CRM(Customer Relationship Management )
• PGMS(Performance Grievance Management
System) and many..
SCRIBBLE MAP AND LAT LONG
MEASUREMENT
SAHAKAR NAGAR EXCHANGE
 Scribble maps...
•This is a feature that has got requests for and that is the
ability to create a map widget where regions can link ou
t to different websites/pages. So we are excited to anno
unce you can now do this in Scribble Maps!Creating a
clickable map is as simple as clicking the pencil (edit) i
n the layer panel for the overlay.

Lat-Long Measurement:
•For finding the position of the optical fiber laid.
Lat-Long measured
IMPACT OF INTERNSHIP
• COMPANY EXPOSURE

• REAL TIME WORK EXPOSURE

• EXPOSURE TO SPLICING TECHNOLOGY

AND CLARITY SOFTWARE.

• TEAM WORK.
 WORKING OF BASIC TELECOMMUNICATION
NETWORK
This section includes brief introduction of how a call is processed when we
dial a call from basic telephone to another basic telephone or from basic to
mobile or vice versa.
 
 

 
 CALL SETUP:

When a subscriber calls to another subscriber first its request goes to the
nearest switching centre that is PSTN (Public Switching Telecommunication
Network). Then it processes the caller and subscriber’s number if it exists in
the same BSC (Base Station Controller) then call setup is completed.
If subscriber is not in the same BSC then call transfer to MSC (Mobile
Switching Centre) then it transfers the call to prior BSC then call setup is
completed.
If Caller calls to a mobile subscriber then call transfer is done by MTSO(Mobile
Telephone Switching Office)
now call transfer is done on BTS (Base Transceiver Station) and call setup is
completed.
 
 
 
 Parts of a Telecommunication network

The main parts of a Telecommunication network are:

1.Telephone Exchange
2.Main Distribution Frame (MDF)
3.Switch Room
 TELEPHONE EXCHANGE

Equipment which effects

interconnection of telephones is
known as switching equipment.
The switching centre, which houses
the terminating and switching
equipment is called telephone
exchange.
A telephone exchange is a
telecommunication system used in
the public switched telephone
network or in large enterprises. An
exchange consists of electronic
components that interconnect
(switch) telephone subscriber lines
or virtual circuits of digital systems
to establish telephone calls between
subscribers
 About the exchange

All telephone subscribers are served by automatic

exchanges.
Today’s automatic exchanges use a pair of computers.
One running the program that provides services.
Second, monitoring the operation of the first, ready to
take over in a few seconds in the event of equipment
failure.
Various exchanges present in BSNL are:
1. C-DOT
2. OCB(ORGANE DE COMMANDE B2 VERSION)
3. EWSD
 C-DOT
It work on telecom technology, products and services.
 Provide solutions for current and future requirements of
telecommunication and converged networks including those
required for rural application.
Provide market orientation to R & D activities and sustain C-DOT as
center of excellence.

OCB(ORGANE DE COMMANDE B2 VERSION)

It is a digital switching system.
The system supports all the existing signaling system.
The system has ‘auto recovery’ feature. When a serious fault occur
in control unit, it gives a message to SMM (operation &
maintenance unit).
EWSD
The EWSD Digital Switching Systems offer a
wide range of telephony features and
supplementary services. Further capabilities
can be developed to meet specific customer
needs.
MAIN DISTRIBUTION FRAME(MDF)
M.D.F. is a media between switching network and subscriber’s line. It is a termination point
within the local telephone exchange where exchange equipment and terminations of local
loops are connected by jumper wires.

FUNCTIONS OF MDF:
 
All cable copper wires supplying services through user telephone lines are terminated and
distributed through MDF.
The most common kind of large MDF is a long steel rack accessible from both sides. Each
jumper is a twisted wire.
It consists of local connection and broadband connection frames for the main Exchange
area.
The MDF usually holds central office protective devices including heat coils and functions as
a test point between a line and the office.
It provides testing of calls.
It checks whether fault is indoor or external.
All lines terminate individually
Structure Of MDF
 POWER PLANT

As we know that, the power is the main source or

any organization. It is the case of E-10B exchange.
That is the first requirement of any organization is
the input.
The main source of this exchange is AC supply.
The main part of power room are:-

1. Batteries for providing 48V supply

2. UPS (Uninterruptable Power Supply)

 Switch Room
1)Switch room consists of
BM(Benjamin Moore) and
CM cabinets mounted in
standard switch.

2)These cabinets are

fastened to a switch Room
and interconnected by
cables
 VARIOUS INTERNET SERVICES
 
LEASED LINES
 
The information sent through the leased line travels along dedicated secure channels, eliminating the
congestion that occurs in shared networks.
between two points set up by a telecommunications carrier. They can be used for telephone, data, or
Internet services
A leased line (dedicated line) is a permanent Optical Fibre Cable(OFC) or telephone connection.
It is commonly used in ATMs.
 
WI-FI (WIRELESS FIDELITY)
A Wi-Fi network provides the features and benefits of traditional LAN technologies such as Ethernet and
Token Ring without the limitations of wires or cables.
WIFI is a wireless LAN Technology to deliver wireless broad band speeds up to 54 Mbps to Laptops,
PCs
Wi-Fi enabled phones etc.
 GENERAL PACKET RADIO SERVICE (GPRS)
 

General packet radio service (GPRS) is a packet oriented mobile data service available to users of
the 2G cellular communication systems, global system for mobile communications (GSM), as well
as in the 3G systems. In 2G systems, GPRS provides data rates of 56-114 kbps
GPRS extends the GSM circuit switched data capabilities and makes the following services
possible .Now currenty we use 4G lte services ,with in a year 5g will enter the field soon
but bsnl sim only have till 3g services in kerala as a start of improving bsnl 4g will be launch soon:
 
1. “ Always on” Internet access.
2.Multimedia messaging service (MMS).
3.Push to talk over cellular (PoC/PTT).
4.Point to Point (P2P) service: inter-networking with the internet (IP).
5.Increase message sending speed 30 messages per minute approximately.
 
 
BSNL Broadband Service
Broadband refers to a connection that has capacity to transmit large amount of data at
high speed. Presently a connection having download speeds of 256 kbps or more is
classified as broadband. When connected to the Internet broadband connection allows
surfing or downloading much faster than a dial-up or any other narrowband
connections. BSNL offers 2 Mbps minimum download speed for its Broadband
connections.
 
 
Requirement for providing Broad Band connection

1.Personal Computer
2.ADSL Modem
3.Land Line Connection
4.Splitter for separating telephone from Personal computer
5.High speed Internet Access: This is the always-on Internet access service with speed
ranging from 256 kbps to 8 Mbps.
 
 
 
 WIMAX
WI-MAX is an acronym that stands for World-wide Interoperability for Microwave
Access and this technology is designed to accommodate both fixed and mobile
broadband applications.

SALIENT FEATURES OF WIMAX ARE:

1.OFDM-based physical layer.

2.Very high peak data rates.
3.Adaptive modulation and coding (AMC)
4.Support for TDD and FDD OFDMA.
5.Flexible and dynamic per user resource allocation.
6.Support for mobility.
7.IP-based architecture.
 OSI NETWORKING MODEL

The open systems interconnection model defines all the methods and
protocols needed to connect one computer to any other over a network.It
consists of following seven layers:

Physical Layer:The physical layer defines the properties of the physical

medium used to make a network connection
Data Link Layer: the data link layer, layer 2, defines standard that assign
meaning to the bits carried by the physical layer
Network Layer: The network layer, Layer-3, is where a lot of action goes on
for most networks.
Transport Layer: The Transport Layer, layer-4, manages the flow of
information from one network node to another.
Session layer: The session layer, layer-5, defines the connection from a user
to a network server, or from a peer on a network to another peer
Presentation Layer: The presentation layer, layer-6, takes the data supplied
by the lower level layer and transform so it can be presented to the system
Application Layer: The Application layer, layer 7, controls how the operating
system and its application interact with network.
 GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION

In wireless communication every region is divided into cells.

Cell size is constant for whole system. GSM is a form of
multiplexing, which divides the available bandwidth among
the different channels. Most of the times the multiplexing
used is either TDM (Time division multiplexing) or FDM
(Frequency Division Multiplexing). SM differs from its
predecessor technologies in that both signaling and speech
channels are digital, and thus GSM is considered a second
generation (2G) mobile phone system.
 GSM frequencies
• 2G GSM networks operate in the 900 MHz or
1800 MHz bands
• GSM-900 uses 890–915 MHz to send
information from the mobile station to the base
station (uplink)
• 935–960 MHz for the other direction (downlink),
• providing 125 RF channels (channel numbers 0
to 124) spaced at 200 kHz. Duplex spacing of 45
MHz is used.
 CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS (CDMA)
 
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) consistently provides better capacity
for voice and data communications that other commercial mobile
technologies, allowing more subscribers to connect at any given time, and it is
the common platform on which 3G technologies are built.
CDMA is a spread spectrum technology, allowing many users to occupy the
same time and frequency allocations in a given band/space
 
ADVANTAGES OF CDMA:

Increased cellular communications security

Simultaneous conversations
Low power requirements and little cell-to-cell coordination needed by
operators.
Extended reach-beneficial to rural users situated far from cells.
 
NETWORK STRUCTURE
 Mobile Station (MS)
• MS refers to the physical
phone itself uniquely
identified by the International
Mobile Equipment Identity
(IMEI) number.
• SIM(Subsciber Identification
Module) is small smart card
that is inserted into the phone
and carries information
specific to the subscriber
identified by International
Mobile Subscriber Identity
(IMSI) number.
 Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

• It carry out radio communications

between the network and the MS.

• It has handles speech encoding,

encryption, multiplexing (TDMA), and
responsible for modulation and
demodulation.

•Installed between 1 and 16 Transceivers

(TRX)
 BASE STATION CONTROLLER(BSC)

• It is responsible for allocation of radio

channels.

•Operates frequency administration

•power and signal measurements from the

Mobile station.

•handovers from one BTS to another.

 MOBILE SWITCHING CENTER(MSC)

•It is responsible for call routing, call

setup, and basic switching functions.

•Different BSCs are connected to the MSC.

• Inner-BSC handoffs as well as

coordinates with other MSC's for inter-
MSC handoffs.
THANK YOU