1 2

d) Zero
UNIT-4 MCQ View Answer
1. Frequency division multiple access (FDMA) assigns ______ channels to _______ users.
Answer: b
a) Individual, individual
Explanation: The bandwidth of FDMA channels is relatively narrow as each channel supports only one circuit
b) Many, individual per carrier. That is, FDMA is usually implemented in narrow band systems.
c) Individual, many 6. The symbol time in FDMA systems is _________ thus intersymbol interference is ______
d) Many, many a) Large, high
View Answer b) Small, low
c) Small, high
Answer: a
d) Large, low
Explanation: Frequency division multiple access (FDMA) assigns individual channels to individual users. Each
user is allocated a unique frequency band or channel. These channels are assigned on demand to users who View Answer
request service.
2. During the period of call, other users can share the same channel in FDMA. Answer: d
Explanation: The symbol time of a narrowband signal is large as compared to the average delay spread. This
a) True
implies that the amount of intersymbol interference is low and, thus, little or no equalization is required in
b) False FDMA narrowband systems.
View Answer 7. Due to _________ transmission scheme __________ bits are needed for overhead in FDMA systems.
a) Continuous, few
Answer: b
b) Discontinuous, few
Explanation: In FDMA systems, no other user can share the same channel during the period of call. In FDD
systems, the users are assigned a channel as a pair of frequencies; one is used for the forward channel while c) Continuous, many
the other frequency is used for the reverse channel. d) Discontinuous, many
3. The FDMA channel carries ____________ phone circuit at a time. View Answer
a) Ten
b) Two Answer: a
Explanation: Since FDMA is a continuous transmission scheme, fewer bits are needed for overhead purposes
c) One
(such as synchronization and framing bits) as compared to TDMA.
d) Several 8. Which of the following is not true for FDMA systems as compared to TDMA systems?
View Answer a) Low complexity
b) Lower cell site system cost
Answer: c
Explanation: The FDMA channel carries one phone circuit at a time. Each individual band or channel is wide c) Tight RF filtering
enough to accommodate the signal spectra of the transmissions to be propagated. d) Narrow bandwidth
4. If the FDMA channel is not in use, it can be used by other users. View Answer
a) True
b) False Answer: b
Explanation: FDMA systems have higher cell site system costs as compared to TDMA systems. It is due to
View Answer
single channel per carrier design, and the need to use costly bandpass filters to eliminate spurious radiation at
the base station.
Answer: b
9. __________ is undesired RF radiation.
Explanation: If an FDMA channel is not in use, it sits idle and cannot be used by other users to increase or
share capacity. It is essentially a wasted resource. a) Intermodulation frequency
5. The bandwidth of FDMA channel is ______ b) Intermediate frequency
a) Wide c) Instantaneous frequency
b) Narrow d) Instrumental frequency
c) Large View Answer
 3 4

Answer: a d) Trail bits

Explanation: Intermodulation (IM) frequency is undesired RF radiation which can interfere with other channels
in the FDMA systems. The nonlinearities cause signal spreading in the frequency domain and generate IM View Answer
frequency.
10. __________ is based on FDMA/FDD. Answer: a
a) GSM
Explanation: TDMA frame is made up of a preamble, an information message and the trail bits. In a TDMA
b) W-CDMA frame, the preamble contains the address and synchronization information that both the base station and the
c) Cordless telephone subscribers use to identify each other.
d) AMPS 3. __________ are utilized to allow synchronization of the receivers between different slots and frames.
View Answer
a) Preamble
Answer: d
Explanation: The first US analog cellular system, the Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) is based on b) Data
FDMA/FDD. A single user occupies a single channel while the call is in progress.
11. In US AMPS, 416 channels are allocated to various operators with 10 kHz guard band and channel between c) Guard bits
them is 30 kHz. What is the spectrum allocation given to each operator?
d) Trail bits
a) 12.5 kHz
b) 30 kHz View Answer
c) 12.5 MHz
d) 30 MHz
View Answer
Answer: c
Answer: c Explanation: Guard times are utilized to allow synchronization of the receivers between different slots and
Explanation: Spectrum allocated to each cellular operator is 12.5 MHz. As Bt = NBc + 2Bguard; which is equal frames. TDMA/FDD systems intentionally induce several time slots of delay between the forward and reverse
to 416*30*103+2(10*103) = 12.5 MHz. time slots for a particular user.
1. TDMA systems transmit in a continuous way. 4. Which of the following is not true for TDMA?
a) True a) Single carrier frequency for single user
b) False b) Discontinuous data transmission
View Answer c) No requirement of duplexers

d) High transmission rates

Answer: b View Answer
Explanation: TDMA systems transmit data in a buffer and burst method. Thus, the transmission for any user is Answer: a
not continuous. Explanation: TDMA share a single carrier frequency with several users, where each user makes use of non-
2. Preamble contains __________
overlapping time slots. The number of time slots per frame depends on several factors, such as modulation
a) Address technique, available bandwidth etc.

b) Data 5. Because of _______ transmissions in TDMA, the handoff process in __________

c) Guard bits a) Continuous, complex

b) Continuous, simple
 5 6

c) Discontinuous, complex b) Figure of merit

d) Discontinuous, simple c) Signal to noise ratio

View Answer d) Mean

View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Because of discontinuous transmissions in TDMA, the handoff process is much simpler for a
subscriber unit, since it is able to listen for other base stations during idle time slots. Answer: a
6. __________ synchronization overhead is required in TDMA due to _______ transmission. Explanation: Efficiency of TDMA system is a measure of the percentage of transmitted data that contains
information as opposed to providing overhead for the access scheme. The frame efficiency is the percentage
a) High, burst of bits per frame which contain transmitted data.
b) High, continuous 9. A TDMA system uses 25 MHz for the forward link, which is broken into radio channels of 200 kHz. If 8
speech channels are supported on a single radio channel, how many simultaneous users can be
c) Low, burst
accommodated?
d) No, burst
a) 25
View Answer
b) 200

c) 1600
Answer: a
Explanation: High synchronization overhead is required in TDMA systems because of burst transmissions. d) 1000
TDMA transmissions are slotted, and this requires the receivers to be synchronized for each data burst.
View Answer
7. TDMA allocates a single time per frame to different users.

a) True
Answer: d
Explanation: For a TDMA system that uses 25 MHz for the forward link, which is broken into radio channels of
b) False
200 kHz. If 8 speech channels are supported on a single radio channel, 1000 simultaneous users can be
View Answer accommodated as N = (25 MHz)/(200 kHz/8).

10. What is the time duration of a bit if data is transmitted at 270.833 kbps in the channel?

Answer: b a) 270.833 s
Explanation: TDMA has an advantage that it can allocate different numbers of time slots per frame to different
users. Thus, bandwidth can be supplied on demand to different users by concatenating or reassigning time b) 3 μs
slots based on priority.
c) 3.692 μs
8. ___________ of TDMA system is a measure of the percentage of transmitted data that contains information
d) 3.692 s
as opposed to providing overhead for the access scheme.
View Answer
a) Efficiency
 7 8

Answer: c 5. If the rate of change of the carrier frequency is greater than the symbol rate, then the system is referred as
Explanation: If data is transmitted at 270.833 kbps in the channel, the time duration of a bit will be 3.692 μs, ___________
as Tb = (1/270.833 kbps) = 3.692 μs. a) Fast frequency hopping system
b) Slow frequency hopping system
1. SSMA uses signals which have a transmission bandwidth that is smaller than the minimum required RF
c) Time division frequency hopping system
bandwidth.
d) Code division multiple access system
a) True
View Answer
b) False
View Answer Answer: a
Explanation: If the rate of change of the carrier frequency is greater than the symbol rate, then the system is
Answer: b referred as a fast frequency hopping system. If the channel changes at a rate less than or equal to the symbol
Explanation: Spread spectrum multiple access (SSMA) uses signals which have a transmission bandwidth that rate, it is called slow frequency hopping.
is several orders of magnitude greater than the minimum required RF bandwidth. 6. A frequency hopped system does not provide security.
a) True
2. PN sequence converts _______ signal to ______ signal. b) False
a) Narrowband, wideband View Answer
b) Wideband, narrowband
c) Unmodulated, modulated Answer: b
d) Low frequency, high frequency Explanation: A frequency hopped system provides a level of security, especially when a large number of
View Answer channels are used. Since, an unintended receiver that does not know the pseudorandom sequence of
frequency slots must retune rapidly to search for the signal it wishes to intercept.
Answer: a 7. All users in CDMA system uses __________ carrier frequency.
Explanation: A pseudo-noise (PN) sequence converts a narrowband signal to a wideband noise like signal a) Different
before transmission. SSMA provides immunity to multipath interference and robust multiple access capability. b) Two
c) Ten
3. SSMA is bandwidth efficient when used with a single user. d) Same
a) True View Answer
b) False
View Answer Answer: d
Explanation: All users in CDMA system use the same carrier frequency and may transmit simultaneously. Each
Answer: b user has its own pseudorandom codeword which is approximately orthogonal to all other codewords.
Explanation: SSMA is not very bandwidth efficient when used by a single user. However, since many users can 8. ___________ problem occurs when many mobile users share the same channel.
share the same spread spectrum bandwidth without interfering with one another, spread spectrum systems a) Near-far
become bandwidth efficient in a multiple user environment. b) Activation
4. ___________ is a digital multiple access system in which carrier frequencies are varied in pseudorandom c) Line of sight
order. d) Windowing
a) CDMA View Answer
b) FCDMA
c) FHMA Answer: a
d) SDMA Explanation: The near far problem occurs when many mobile users share the same channel. In general, the
View Answer strongest received mobile signal will capture the demodulator at a base station.
9. In CDMA, symbol duration is ___________ than channel delay spread.
Answer: c a) Equal
Explanation: Frequency hopped multiple access (FHMA) is a digital multiple access system in which the carrier b) Greater
frequencies of the individual users are varied in a pseudorandom fashion within a wideband channel. c) Slightly greater
 9 10

d) Much less Vulnerable time = 2x Tfr = 2 × 1 ms = 2 ms.

View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: In CDMA, symbol (chip) duration is very short and usually much less than the channel delay 2. A pure ALOHA network transmits 200-bit frames on a shared channel of 200 kbps. What is the throughput if
spread. Thus, channel data rates are very high in CDMA systems. the system (all stations together) produces 1000 frames per second?
10. ____________ is used to improve reception by collecting time delayed versions of the required signal.
a) RAKE receiver a) 150 frames
b) Equalizer b) 80 frames
c) Frequency modulator
d) High pass filter c) 135 frames
View Answer
d) 96 frames
Answer: a
Explanation: A RAKE receiver can be used to improve reception by collecting time delayed versions of the View Answer
required signals. Since PN sequences have low autocorrelation, multipath which is delayed by more than a
chip appear as noise.
11. ____________ arises from the fact that the spreading sequences of different users are not orthogonal.
Answer: c
a) Near-far problem Explanation: Frame transmission time
b) Line of sight
c) Windowing Tfr= 200/200 kbps or 1 ms.
d) Self jamming
If the system creates 1000 frames per second, or 1 frame
View Answer
per millisecond, then G = 1
Answer: d
Explanation: Self jamming arises from the fact that the spreading sequences of different users are not
S = G × e−2G = 0.135 (13.5 percent)
orthogonal. Hence, in the despreading of a particular PN code, non zero contributions to the receiver decision
statistic for the desired user arise from the transmissions of other users in the system. This means that,
1. A pure ALOHA network transmits 200-bit frames on a shared channel of 200 kbps. What is the requirement
to make this frame collision-free? Throughput =1000 × 0.135 = 135 frames

a) 2msec 5. A slotted ALOHA network transmits 200-bit frames using a shared channel with a 200-kbps bandwidth. Find
the throughput if the system (all stations together) produces 1000 frames per second.
b) 4msec
a) 92 frames
c) 2sec
b) 368 frames
d) 4sec
c) 276 frames
View Answer
d) 151 frames
Answer: a View Answer
Explanation: Average frame transmission time
Answer: b
Tfr = 200 bits/200 kbps or 1 ms Explanation: G =1 S=G×e−G=0.368 (36.8%)
 11

Throughput = 1000 × 0.0368 = 368 frames.

6. A slotted ALOHA network transmits 200-bit frames using a shared channel with a 200-kbps bandwidth. Find
the throughput if the system (all stations together) produces 500 frames per second.

a) 92 frames

b) 368 frames

c) 276 frames

d) 151 frames

View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: G=1/2 S = G × e−G = 0.303 (30.3 percent)
Throughput is 500 × 0.0303 = 151.

7. A network using CSMA/CD has a bandwidth of 10 Mbps. If the maximum propagation time (including the
delays in the devices and ignoring the time needed to send a jamming signal, as we see later) is 25.6 μs, what
is the minimum size of the frame?

a) 128 bytes

b) 32 bytes

c) 16 bytes

d) 64 bytes

View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The minimum frame transmission time is Tfr = 2 × Tp = 51.2 μs. This means, in the worst case, a
station needs to transmit for a period of 51.2 μs to detect the collision.

The minimum size of the frame is 10 Mbps × 51.2 μs = 512 bits or 64 bytes. This is actually the minimum size of
the frame for Standard Ethernet.