DISASTER

MANAGEMENT
FOR FLOOD
INTRODUCTION TO FLOOD
 Floods are the most common natural disasters in the world.
 A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land which is usually meant to
be dry. While it may occur along river banks, lakes and sea coasts,
 River flooding is the most common of all around the world.
 While widespread devastation is caused during the time of floods,
repercussions of flooding stay on for much longer even after there is no rise in
water levels in an area.
TYPES OF FLOOD
According to the National Severe Storms Laboratory, there are five types of floods.
They include:

  River Flood

  Coastal Flood

  Storm Surge

  Inland Flooding

  Flash Flood
River Flood
 A river flood occurs when water levels rise over the top of river banks. This
flooding can happen in all river and stream channels. This includes everything
from small streams to the world’s largest rivers.
Costal Flood

 A coastal flood is the inundation of normally dry land areas along the coast
with seawater. Coastal flooding is typically a result of a combination of sea tidal
surges, high winds, and barometric pressure.
Storm Surge

 Another type of flooding that is often associated with coastal flooding is storm
surge. Storm surge is an abnormal rise in water level in coastal areas over and
above the regular astronomical tide. A storm surge is a rise in sea level that
occurs during tropical cyclones, intense storms also known as typhoons or
hurricanes. 
Inland Flooding
 An inland flood is flooding that occurs inland or not in a coastal area. Rainfall
is almost always to blame for inland floods. Rain causes inland flooding in two
ways. It can happen with steady rainfall over several days or it can happen
because of a short and intense period of rainfall.
Flash Flood

 A flash flood is flooding that begins within 6 hours, and often within 3 hours, of
heavy rainfall (or other cause).
WHY FLOODS ARE DANGEROUS?
Dangers Of Flood Water for People

 Water flowing at 4 mph (brisk walking pace) exerts a force of around 66 pounds
per square foot. Double the speed creates four times the force, so water flowing
at 8 mph exerts an incredible 264 pounds per square foot.

 It only takes 6 inches of fast-flowing water to knock a person off their feet. You
should never enter flood water that is moving or is deeper than 4 inches (10
cm). Even when the water is stationary, you should only enter if you are able to
see the bottom, and if there is a hard surface such as tarmac or concrete
underneath. Never enter flood water on soft surfaces such as grass, as its
stability will be greatly compromised and you could sink or get stuck.
Health Dangers of Flood Water

 Flood water is teeming with dangerous bacteria and contaminants, which can
lead to sickness and disease. The worst contamination is caused by sewers or
drains backing up in urban areas, or runoff from agricultural chemicals and
animal waste in rural areas. Even if you can’t see any obvious evidence within
the water itself, you should always assume that flood water is contaminated.
Flood Dangers for Cars and Vehicles
 Drowning in a vehicle account for around 32% of all flood-related deaths. It
takes less than two feet of water for a car to begin to float. If your car starts to
float, even a small current can sweep it away. If a vehicle gets caught in flowing
flood waters, it’s only going to stop when the water stops, or if it comes up
against an obstacle. Taking into account the speed of the water, crashing into
an obstacle is likely to result in severe injury or even death.

 Although the risk of collision is high, most deaths in these instances are actually
caused by drowning, when water gets into the vehicle and passengers are
unable to escape.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT FOR FLOOD
 Floods can be caused by natural, ecological or anthropogenic factors either
individually or as a combined result. Anthropogenic activities such as
deforestation and shifting cultivation can also contribute to floods.
 Normally there are 2 types of measures for flood
 Structural Measures
 Non-structural Measures
Structural Measures

 Structural flood management measures are used to protect people and property

and counteract the flood event in order to reduce the hazard or to influence the
course or probability of occurrence of the event. This kind of measures range
from heavily engineered interventions, such as dams, drainage systems, dykes
and reservoirs, to more natural approaches like wetlands and river restauration.
Non-Structural Measures

 Structural measures can never eliminate the risk of flooding completely.

Nevertheless, because of their physical presence, they have the potential to
create a false sense of security, leading to inappropriate land use in the
protected areas. Non-structural measures play an important role in reducing not
only the catastrophic consequences of residual risks, but also adverse impacts
on the environment. Non-structural flood management measures such as land
use regulations, flood forecasting and warning, disaster prevention,
preparedness and response mechanisms.
 Floods in India
 Kerala experienced an abnormally high rainfall from 1 June 2018 to 19 August
2018. This resulted in severe flooding in 13 out of 14 districts in the State. As
per IMD data, Kerala received 2346.6 mm of rainfall from 1 June 2018 to 19
August 2018 in contrast to an expected 1649.5 mm of rainfall. This rainfall was
about 42% above the normal. Further, the rainfall over Kerala during June,
July and 1st to 19th of August was 15%, 18% and 164% respectively, above
normal.
 The lower plain regions of India in particular Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and West
Bengal in respect of the Ganga and Assam in respect of the Brahmaputra suffer
from the adverse effects of floods every year. The Ganga Brahmaputra basin
receives maximum run off within the three monsoon months. Based on
hydrological studies carried out, it is estimated that only 18 percent of the
rainwater can be stored in dams, reservoirs, etc. while 82 percent of the
rainwater flows through rivers ultimately into the sea. Floods are therefore a
recurring phenomenon in our country.
 Some methods of flood control have been practiced since ancient times. These
methods include planting vegetation to retain extra water, terracing hillsides to
slow flow downhill, and the construction of floodway (man-made channels to
divert floodwater).Other techniques include the construction of levees, dams,
reservoirs or retention ponds to hold extra water during times of flooding.
 In many countries, rivers prone to floods are often carefully managed. Defenses
such as levees, bunds, reservoirs, and weirs are used to prevent rivers from
bursting their banks.
 A dike is another method of flood protection. A dike lowers the risk of having
floods compared to other methods. It can help prevent damage; however it is
better to combine dikes with other flood control methods to reduce the risk of a
collapsed dike
FUTURE STRATEGIES
THANK YOU…….