ENDOCRINE

SYSTEM
POINT ME OUT!
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
The chemistry of
1 Endocrine system 2 hormones

Major Endocrine
Major Endocrine
3 Organ 4 glands and some of
their hormones
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Hormones Produce
5 by Organs other
than the major
Endocrine Organs
 1

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
● It regulates complex processes such as growth and
development, metabolism, and reproduction.

● Acts more slowly by using chemical messengers

called hormones

● ENDOCRINOLOGY scientific study of

hormones and endocrine organs
 2
CHEMISTRY OF
HORMONES
● Hormones-Greek word meaning “to arouse.”

● are chemical substances secreted by endocrine

cells into the extracellular fluids

● Amino acid– based which includes: proteins,

peptides, and amines

● Steroids made from cholesterol

● Prostaglandins- made from highly active lipids

released from nearly all cell membranes.
 HORMONE ACTION
● Hormones arouse cells or alter cellular activity

HORMONES CAN:

1. Change plasma membrane permeability or membrane potential by

opening or closing ion channels
2. Activate or inactive enzymes
3. Stimulate or inhibit cell division
4. Promote or inhibit secretion of a product
5. Turn on or turn off the transcription of certain genes
 HORMONES ACT BY TWO
MECHANISMS

DIRECT GENE ACTIVATION

-used by steroid hormones and thyroid hormone

SECOND-MESSENGER SYSTEM
- used by protein and peptide hormones
Stimuli for Control of Hormone Release
 3
MAJOR ENDOCRINE
ORGANS
PINEAL GLAND
is a small, pea-shaped gland in the brain
HYPOTHALAMUS
a structure deep in your brain that acts as your
body's smart control coordinating center.
PITUITARY GLAND
 is a small, pea-sized gland located at the base of your
brain below your hypothalamus
 THYROID GLAND
is a small organ that's located in the front of the neck,
wrapped around the windpipe (trachea) 
PARATHYROID GLAND
are two pairs of small, oval-shaped glands. They are
located next to the two thyroid gland lobes in the
neck.
 THYMUS
is a small gland in the lymphatic system that makes
and trains special white blood cells called T-cells.
ADRENAL GLANDS
also known as suprarenal glands, are small,
triangular-shaped glands located on top of both
kidneys.
 PANCREAS
is an organ located in the abdomen. It plays an essential role in
converting the food we eat into fuel for the body's cells.

PANCREAS
 GONADS
sex gland or reproductive gland is a mixed gland that
produces the gametes and sex hormones of an organism.
 PITUITARY GLAND
AND HYPOTHALAMUS
Your pituitary gland is connected to your
hypothalamus through a stalk of blood vessels and
nerves (the pituitary stalk). Through that stalk, your
hypothalamus communicates with the anterior
pituitary lobe via hormones and the posterior lobe
through nerve impulses.
 Hormones
Released By
The Posterior
Pituitary And
Their Target
Organ
 Hormones
released by
the anterior
pituitary and
their target
organ
 PITUITARY GLAND AND
HYPOTHALAMUS HORMONES
• SIX ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES
-TWO HORMONES AFFECT NONENDOCRINE TARGETS
1. GROWTH HORMONE
2. PROLACTIN
• FOUR ARE TOPIC HORMONES
-TOPIC HORMONES ARE HORMONES THAT HAVE OTHER
ENDOCRINE GLANDS AS THEIR TARGET
1. FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE
2. LUTEINIZING HORMONE
3. THYROTROPIC HORMONE
4. AADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE
 4
MAJOR ENDOCRINE
GLANDS AND SOME OF
THEIR HORMONES
 5
HORMONES PRODUCED
BY ORGANS OTHER THAN
THE MAJOR ENDOCRINE
ORGANS
QUIZ BEE
What do you call chemical
substances secreted by
endocrine cells into the
extracellular fluids
 It is the scientific
study of hormones and
endocrine organ?
 Your ____________ is connected
to your _____________ through a
stalk of blood vessels and nerves.
It release their product at
the body’s surface or into
body cavities through
ducts
THANK YOU!!