Normal Curve Lesson 1 Lesson 4

Lesson 1
The Normal
Random Variable
Objectives
At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to

● accurately illustrate a normal random variable;
● accurately locate a given score that lies in a normally
distributed set of scores in terms of its standard deviation ;
● correctly determine the probability density function of a
normal distribution given the mean and standard
deviation; and
● correctly solve real-life problems involving normal random
variable.
Warm Up!
This lesson will tackle about normal distribution. Before we

start with the discussion, let us use an online calculator to
give us an introduction about the graph of a normal
distribution.
Open the Desmos Calculator.
Please go to https://www.desmos.com/calculator
Warm Up!
a. Using the function ,

1. Substitute and .
2. Using the same function and , use .
3. Using the same function and , use .
b. Now, input the function: .

Guide Questions
● At what point in the -axis does the center of the graph of

in (1), (2), and (3) occur?
● Compare the graph of in (1), (2), and (3). Which graph has
the steepest curve?
● What do you notice about the graph in (b) as compared to

the graph of in (3)?
Key Points
Normal Distribution
1 a continuous probability distribution where most of the scores tend to be closer
to the mean
Normal Random Variable

1
2 a continuous random variable of a normal distribution
Key Points
Normal Curve
3
1 represents a normal distribution which is defined by the following probability
density function
where
(pronounced as “mu”) represents the mean of the distribution;
(pronounced as “sigma”) represents the standard deviation of the distribution;
represents a constant which is approximately equal to ; and
is the natural number which is approximately equal to
Key Points
Standard Normal Distribution

4 the most common example of a normal distribution with a mean of 0 and
standard deviation of 1
Interpretation of Scores Using the Mean and

5 Standard Deviation
is the score one standard deviation above the mean
is the score two standard deviations above the mean
is the score three standard deviation above the mean
is the score one standard deviation below the mean
is the score two standard deviations below the mean
is the score three standard deviation below the mean
Try It!
Example 1: Determine the approximate location in terms of

the standard deviation of the score that lies in a normally
distributed set of scores with a mean of and a standard
deviation of .
Try It!

deviation of .
Solution:
1. Determine whether the score is above or below the mean.
The mean of the set of scores is and the score that we are
looking for is . Thus, it must lie below the mean.
Try It!

deviation of .
Solution:
2. Determine the scores, one, two, and three standard
deviations below the mean.
Try It!

deviation of .
Solution:
One standard deviation below the mean:
Try It!

deviation of .
Solution:
Two standard deviations below the mean:
Try It!

deviation of .
Solution:
Three standard deviations below the mean:
Try It!

deviation of .
Solution:
3. Locate the score by comparing it to the scores one, two,
and three standard deviations below the mean.
Since , we can observe that this score is less than

but greater than .
Try It!

deviation of .
Solution:
Thus, we can say that the score lies between the score two
standard deviations below the mean and the score three
standard deviations below the mean. As an inequality,
Try It!
Example 2: Determine the probability density function of a

normal distribution whose mean is and standard deviation is
.
Try It!

normal distribution whose mean is and standard deviation
is .
Solution:
1. Determine the function to be used.
Since we are looking for the probability density function of a

normal distribution, we will use the following function:
Try It!

is .
Solution:
2. Substitute the given values of the variables.
Since and , we can substitute these to the probability

density function.
Try It!

is .
Solution:
Thus, we have
Let’s Practice!
Individual Practice:
1. In a particular normally distributed set of scores, the mean

is and the standard deviation is . Determine the
approximate location of the score in terms of the
standard deviation.
2. Determine the probability density function of a normal

distribution whose mean is 25 and standard deviation is 1.
Lesson 2
Characteristics of
a Normal Random
Variable
Learn about It!
Characteristics of a Normally Distributed Set of

1 Data
a. A normal distribution is symmetric about its mean.
In a normally distributed set of data, the mean will be

placed at the center if the data are arranged in ascending
order.
Learn about It!

1 Data
a. A normal distribution is symmetric about its mean.
Moreover, approximately 50% of the data is less than the

mean and approximately 50% of the data is greater than the
mean.
Learn about It!

1 Data
b. The mean, median, and mode of a normal distribution are all equal.
Since the mean, media, and more are all equal, the
median and the mode are also located at the middle of
the distribution.
Learn about It!

1 Data
c. A normal distribution is thicker at the center and less thick at the tails.
”Thicker” at the center means that there are more scores

located near the center of the distribution and there are
fewer scores found near both ends of the distribution.
Learn about It!

1 Data
d. Approximately of the area of a normal distribution is within one standard
deviation of the mean.
Note that the area of a normal distribution refers to the

graphical representation of the percentage, proportion,
or probability of a normal distribution.
Learn about It!

1 Data
In a given set of data, approximately of the scores are

located between the scores one standard deviation above
and one standard deviation below the mean. This means that
in a normally distributed set of data, a score of that data has
a chance of falling within one standard deviation from the
mean.
Learn about It!

1 Data
We may write this as a probability notation.

Learn about It!

1 Data
e. Approximately of the area of a normal distribution is within two standard
deviations of the mean

located between the scores two standard deviations above
and two standard deviations below the mean.
Learn about It!

1 Data
This means that in a normally distributed set of data, a

score of that data has a chance of falling within two
standard deviations from the mean.
Learn about It!

1 Data

Learn about It!

1 Data
f. Approximately of the area of a normal distribution is within three standard

located between the scores three standard deviations above
and three standard deviations below the mean.
Learn about It!

1 Data
This means that in a normally distributed set of data, a

score of that data has a chance of falling within three
standard deviations from the mean.
Learn about It!

1 Data

Learn about It!
Empirical Rule
1
2 states that of the scores fall within one standard deviation away from the mean,
of the scores fall within two standard deviations away from the mean, and of the
scores fall within three standard deviations away from the mean.
Learn about It!
Outliers
1
3 scores that are more than two standard deviations away from the mean.
Example:
A normally distributed set of data has a mean of and a
standard deviation of . The score is an outlier because it lies
two standard deviations above the mean.
Learn about It!
Extreme Outliers
1
4 scores that are more than three standard deviations away from the mean.
Example:
A normally distributed set of data has a mean of and a
standard deviation of . The score is an extreme outlier
because it lies three standard deviations below the mean.
Try It!
Example 1: In a normally distributed set of data containing

scores, how many scores are expected to fall within one
standard deviation away from the mean?
Try It!

Solution:
According to the empirical rule, of the scores would fall
within one standard deviation away from the mean.
To get the number of scores that are within that range, we

get of .
Try It!

Solution:
Therefore, around 3 839 of the scores are expected to fall

within one standard deviation away from the mean.
Try It!
Example 2: A particular normally distributed set of data has

a mean of and a standard deviation of . Is the score
considered an outlier?
Try It!

Solution:
1. Make a plan in solving the problem.
A score is considered an outlier if it is more than two

standard deviations away from the mean.
Try It!

Solution:
Thus, we should first solve for the scores two standard
deviations away from the mean and determine whether the
given score lies beyond those points.
Try It!

Solution:
2. Solve for the scores two standard deviations away from
the mean.
Try It!

Solution:
First, solve for the score two standard deviations above the
mean.
Try It!

Solution:
Next, solve for the score two standard deviations below the
mean.
Try It!

Solution:
3. Compare the scores using a number line.
The mean, the scores two standard deviations away from

the mean, and the score are presented in the number line
on the next slide.
Try It!

Solution:
The score lies lower that the score two standard deviations
below the mean.
Therefore, the score is an outlier.

Let’s Practice!
1. In a normally distributed set of data containing scores,

how many scores are expected to be more than two
standard deviations away from the mean?
2. In a normally distributed set of data with and

Is the score considered an outlier?
Lesson 3
The Normal Curve

Learn about It!
Normal Curve (or Bell Curve)

1 a graph that represents the probability density function of a normal probability
distribution. It is also called a Gaussian curve named after the mathematician,
Carl Friedrich Gauss.
Example:
The graph below represents the normal curve where is the
mean and is the standard deviation.
Learn about It!
Empirical Rules
2 The area of the region between one standard deviation away from the mean is ,
two standard deviations away from the mean is , and three standard deviations
away from the mean is .
A. Area of the Region between One Standard Deviation

away from the Mean
Learn about It!
Empirical Rules
B. Area of the Region between Two Standard Deviations

away from the Mean
Learn about It!
Empirical Rules
C. Area of the Region between Three Standard Deviations

away from the Mean
Try It!
Example 1: What is the area of the scores in a normally

distributed data that is more than one standard deviation
above the mean?
Try It!
Example 1: What is the area of the scores in a normally

distributed data that is more than one standard deviation
above the mean?
Solution:
1. Shade the region in the normal curve that is one standard

deviation above the mean.
Try It!
2. Use the empirical rule to find the area of the given region.

Find the area of the region one standard deviation away from
the mean. By empirical rule, the area of this region is .
Try It!
Since the normal curve is symmetric, we can obtain the area

of the region between the mean and one standard deviation
above the mean by dividing by.
To get the area of this region, divide by.

Try It!
To get the area of the region more than one standard

deviation above the mean, subtract from since half of the
area of a normal curve is .

Thus, the area of the region more than one standard

deviation above the mean is .
Try It!
Example 2: The mean and standard deviation of a normally

distributed scores are and , respectively. Construct the
normal curve of the data.
Try It!
Example 2: The mean and standard deviation of a normally

distributed scores are and , respectively. Construct the
normal curve of the data.
Solution:
1. Solve for the scores one, two, and three standard

deviations away from the mean.

Try It!
a. One standard deviation away from the mean

Try It!

b. Two standard deviations away from the mean

Try It!

c. Three standard deviations away from the mean

Try It!
2. Construct the normal curve using the set of scores

obtained from the previous step.

Using the mean as the center and the set of scores, we can
construct the normal curve as follows:

Let’s Practice!
1. In a normally distributed data, find the area of the scores

less than two standard deviations below the mean.
2. Construct the normal curve of a given data with and .

Lesson 4
Solving Problems
Involving the Normal
Random Variable
Learn about It!
Normal Curve (or Bell Curve)

1 a graph that represents the probability density function of a normal probability
distribution. It is also called a Gaussian curve named after the Mathematician Karl
Friedrich Gauss.
Example:
The graph below represents the normal curve where is the
mean and is the standard deviation.
Learn about It!
Normal Curve Areas under the Empirical Rule

To solve problems involving the normal random variable, we
can use the following areas in the normal curve based from
the empirical rule.

Learn about It!
Normal Curve Areas under the Empirical Rule

A. Areas between the mean and one standard deviation
above or below the mean
Learn about It!
Normal Curve Areas Based on the Empirical Rule

B. Area between the mean and two standard deviations
above or below the mean
Learn about It!
Normal Curve Areas Based on the Empirical Rule

C. Areas between the mean and three standard
deviations above or below the mean
Try It!
Example 1: A teacher recorded the weight of his students

and got an average of kg with a standard deviation of .
Assuming that the weights are normally distributed, what
percent of the students are between kg and kg?
Try It!
Example 1: A teacher recorded the weight of his students

and got an average of kg with a standard deviation of .
Assuming that the weights are normally distributed, what
percent of the students are between kg and kg?
Solution:
1. Construct the normal curve of the distribution and locate

the given weights.
Try It!
2. Shade the area of the normal curve based on the problem.

The problem asks for the percent of the students between
kg and kg. Thus, shade the area between these two weights
in the normal curve.
Try It!
3. Find the area of the region.

To find the area of the region, add the given areas below.

Try It!
4. Convert the decimal to percent.

Thus, there are of the students who are between kg and kg.
Try It!
Example 2: The average price of carrots was per kilogram

with a standard deviation of for the last three months. If the
price is normally distributed for days, what percent of days
when the price was above ?
Try It!
Example 2: The average price of carrots was ₱60.5 per

kilogram with a standard deviation of 2.4 for the last three
months. If the price is normally distributed for 90 days, what
percent of 90 days when the price was above ₱62.9?
Solution:
1. Construct the normal curve of the distribution and locate

the given price.

Try It!
2. Shade the area of the normal curve based on the problem.

The problem asks for the percent of days that the price was
above . Thus, shade the area from and above.
Try It!
3. Find the area of the region.

To find the area of the region, subtract the given area below
from 5.
Try It!
4. Convert the decimal to percent.

Thus, there are of days that the price was above .
Let’s Practice!
1. The average weight of students in a school is kg with a

standard deviation of . Mrs. Antazo wants to identify how
many students have weight between and kg. Assuming that
the weights are normally distributed, what percent of the
students can Mrs. Antazo identify?
Let’s Practice!
2. A mechanic can finish repairing a car in an average of 2.3

hours with a standard deviation of 0.12. Given that the
number of hours to repair a car is normally distributed, what
is the percentage of the cars repaired in less than 2.54 hours?

Normal Curve Lesson 1 Lesson 4

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Lesson 1

At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to

This lesson will tackle about normal distribution. Before we

Open the Desmos Calculator.

a. Using the function ,

b. Now, input the function: .

● At what point in the -axis does the center of the graph of

● What do you notice about the graph in (b) as compared to

Normal Random Variable

Standard Normal Distribution

Interpretation of Scores Using the Mean and

Example 1: Determine the approximate location in terms of

Example 1: Determine the approximate location in terms of

Example 1: Determine the approximate location in terms of

Example 1: Determine the approximate location in terms of

Example 1: Determine the approximate location in terms of

Example 1: Determine the approximate location in terms of

Example 1: Determine the approximate location in terms of

Since , we can observe that this score is less than

Example 1: Determine the approximate location in terms of

Example 2: Determine the probability density function of a

Example 2: Determine the probability density function of a

Since we are looking for the probability density function of a

Example 2: Determine the probability density function of a

Since and , we can substitute these to the probability

Example 2: Determine the probability density function of a

1. In a particular normally distributed set of scores, the mean

2. Determine the probability density function of a normal

Characteristics of a Normally Distributed Set of

In a normally distributed set of data, the mean will be

Characteristics of a Normally Distributed Set of

Moreover, approximately 50% of the data is less than the

Characteristics of a Normally Distributed Set of

Characteristics of a Normally Distributed Set of

”Thicker” at the center means that there are more scores

Characteristics of a Normally Distributed Set of

Note that the area of a normal distribution refers to the

Characteristics of a Normally Distributed Set of

In a given set of data, approximately of the scores are

Characteristics of a Normally Distributed Set of

We may write this as a probability notation.

Characteristics of a Normally Distributed Set of

In a given set of data, approximately of the scores are

Characteristics of a Normally Distributed Set of

This means that in a normally distributed set of data, a

Characteristics of a Normally Distributed Set of

We may write this as a probability notation.

Characteristics of a Normally Distributed Set of

In a given set of data, approximately of the scores are

Characteristics of a Normally Distributed Set of

This means that in a normally distributed set of data, a

Characteristics of a Normally Distributed Set of

We may write this as a probability notation.

Example 1: In a normally distributed set of data containing

Example 1: In a normally distributed set of data containing

To get the number of scores that are within that range, we

Example 1: In a normally distributed set of data containing

Therefore, around 3 839 of the scores are expected to fall

Example 2: A particular normally distributed set of data has

Example 2: A particular normally distributed set of data has

A score is considered an outlier if it is more than two

Example 2: A particular normally distributed set of data has

Example 2: A particular normally distributed set of data has