Man’s Cultural Evolution

PALEOLITHIC

NEOLITHIC
Man’s Cultural Evolution
Cultural Period Time Frame Cultural Development
Paleolithic Age • Traditionally • Use of simple pebble
(Old Stone Age) coincided with the tools
first evidence • Learned to live in
construction and use caves
by Homo some • Discovered the use of
2.5million yrs. ago fire
• Developed small
sculptures
 Cultural Period Time Frame Cultural Devt.
and monumental painting,
incised designs, and reliefs
on the walls of caves
• Food -collecting cultures

Neolithic Age Occurred • Stone tools were shaped

(New Stone Age) sometime about by polishing or grinding
10, 000 BCE • Settlement in permanent
villages
• Dependence on
domesticated plants or
animals
 Cultural Period Time Frame Cultural Devt.
Neolithic Age Occurred • Appearance of such
(New Stone Age) sometime about crafts as pottery and
10, 000 BCE weaving
• Food – producing
cultures
 Simple Differentiation of the Cultural Evolution
Paleolithic Neolithic
• Unpolished stone tools • Polished stone tools
• Hunting and gathering • Domestication of plants
and animals
• Nomadic way of living • Living in permanent
places
 HORTICULTURAL

HUNTING AND PASTORAL

FOOD GATHERING

TYPES OF
SOCIETIES
POST -
AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL

INDUSTRIAL
 HORTICULTURAL

HUNTING AND PASTORAL

FOOD GATHERING

TYPES OF
SOCIETIES
POST -
AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL

INDUSTRIAL
 Hunting and Food Gathering
Society
• earliest form of society
• people survived by foraging
for vegetable foods and
small game, fishing, hunting
larger wild animals, and
collecting shellfish
• subsisted from day to day on
whatever was available
Hunting and Food Gathering
Society

• Subsisted from day to day on

whatever was available

• Used tools made of stones,

woods, and bones
 2. Horticultural
• People learned to use
human muscle power and
handheld tools to cultivate
fields

• Classified as subsistence
farming and surplus farming
 2. Horticultural
SUBSISTENCE FARMING
• Involves only producing
enough food to feed the
group
• Settlements were small

• Neighborhood is solid
 2. Horticultural

• Political organization is
confined in the village

• Authority is based on
positions inherited by males
through the kinship system
 2. Horticultural
SURPLUS FARMING
• Practiced in thickly populated
and permanent settlements
• Had occupational
specialization with prestige
differences
• Social stratification was well
- established
 2. Horticultural

SURPLUS FARMING

• Community tended to be
structured by kinship relations
that were male-dominated
3. Pastoral
• Relied on herding and the
domestication of animals for food
and clothing to satisfy the greater
needs of the group
• Most were nomads who
follow their herds in a never
– ending quest for pasture
and water
3. Pastoral
• Was organized along male–
centered kinship groups

• Was usually united under

strong political figures –
centralized political
leadership did not occur
4. Agricultural
• Characterized by the use of
plow in farming
• Creation of the irrigation
system provided farming
enough surplus for the
community
• Ever–growing populations
came together in broad river-
valley system
4. Agricultural
• Those who have controlled
access and its use became
rich and powerful since they
could demand the payment
of taxes and political support
• By taxing the bulk of agriculture
surplus, the political leaders could
make bureaucracies implement
their plans and armies to protect
their privileges
4. Agricultural
• Social classes became entrenched,
and the state evolved
 5. Industrial
• Characterized by more than just the
use of mechanical means of
production

• Constitutes an entirely new form of

society that requires an immense,
mobile diversity of specialized, highly
skilled, and well – coordinated labor
force
 5. Industrial
• Creates a highly organized system of
exchange between suppliers of raw
materials and industrial manufacturers
• Divided along class lines
• Industrialism brought about a
tremendous shift in populations
• Kinship plays a smaller role in
patterning public affairs
 5. Industrial

• Industrial societies are highly

secularized (separated)

• The predominant form of social and

political organization in industrial
societies is the bureaucracy
6. Post–Industrial Societies
• It depends on specialized knowledge
to bring about continuing progress in
technology
• It is characterized by the spread of
computer industries
• Knowledge and information are
hallmarks of this society
6. Post–Industrial Societies
• It resulted from the homogenization of
social relations among individuals and
the interaction between humans and
the natural environment.
C.Engagement
 
D.Write Paleolithic or Neolithic.
 
1.Learned to live in cages
2.Settlement in permanent villages
3.Food–producing culture
4.Food – collecting culture
5.Discovered the use of fire
A. Explain.

Why do you think humans were able to

settle permanently during the Neolithic age?
A. Assimilation
 
B. Identify the type of society being described.

1. Humans started hand tools to cultivate fields

2. Characterized by using a plow in farming
3. Used tools made of stones, wood and bones
4. Depends on specialized knowledge for technological
progress
5. Characterized by more than the use of mechanical
means of production
 6. Practiced domestication of
animals
7. Neighborhood is solid
8. Earliest form of human society
9. Highly secularized
10. Organized along male-centered
kinship groups.
 
A.Explain.
 
How does society sustain itself from Hunting and
Gathering food to Post – Industrial society?
 
Enrichment:
 
A.Complete the table.
Paleolithic Neolithic
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
A.Identify. Write the letter of the correct answer.

A.Hunting and Food Gathering D. Agricultural Society

Society
B. Horticultural Society E. Industrial Society
C. Pastoral Society F. Post–Industrial Society
1. Resulted in the homogenization of social
relations among individuals
1.Predominant form of social and political
organization is the bureaucracy
2.Subsisted from day to day on whatever was
available
4. Most were nomads
5. Social stratification was well established
6. Started payment of taxes
7. Societies were divided along class lines
8. Characterized by the spread of computer
industries
9. Highly organized system of exchange between
suppliers and manufacturers was created
10. Tremendous shift in population occurred
A. Explain.
 
How do industrial and post-industrial
societies affect man’s cultural development?