Electromagnetic Induction

• A voltage can be induced by some time-varying magnetic field.

Michael Faraday found that the induced EMF is directly
proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux.
Applications of electromagnetic induction include motors,
generators and transformers.
 There are three distinct phenomena are involved in the process of
electromagnetic induction:

• The action of the "inducing field"

• The resulting "induced current and potential difference"
• The magnetic field created by the induced current
 An electromagnetic field is a magnetic field generated by current
flow in a conductor.

• Whenever current flows a magnetic field exists around the conductor.

Every electric current generates a magnetic field.
• A coil of wire carrying a current, acts like a magnet. Individual loops of
wire act as small magnets. The individual fields add together to form one
magnet.
• The strength of the field can be increased by adding more turns to the coil.
The strength can also be increased by increasing the current. Current-
carrying coil
 Magnetic Fields Aiding and Canceling

• Wire with current on the same directions:

 Magnetic Fields Aiding and Canceling

• Wire with Current on the opposite directions:

 Faraday’s Law
• The voltage induced by the magnetic flux cutting
the turns of a coil depends upon the number of
turns, and how fast the flux moves across the
conductor. Either the flux or the conductor can
move.
Factors that affect the amount of induced voltage

• Amount of flux – The more the magnetic lines of force that cut across the
conductor, the higher the amount of induced voltage.
• Number of turns – The more the number of turns in a coil, the higher the
induced voltage. The induced voltage is the sum of individual voltages in
each turn in series.
• Time rate of cutting – The faster the flux cuts a conductor, the higher the
induced voltage. Then more lines of force cut the conductor within a
specific period of time.
Formula :
 
Induced voltage (Vind) = N ( d/ dt )
 
Where : N – Number of turns
d/dt – weber/second
 
Example: A magnetic flux cuts 300 turns of a coil at a rate of 2Wb/sec.
 
Answer: Vind = N ( d/dt ) = 300 ( 2Wb/sec ) = 600V
1. A coil of wire carrying a current, acts like a magnet, while Individual
loops of wire act as __________.
2. Induced EMF is ____________ to the rate of change of magnetic flux.
3. What is the voltage induced with a magnetic flux of 450Wb cuts across a
coil of 100 turns in one second?
4. What is the voltage induced with a magnetic flux of 550Wb cuts across a
coil of 30 turns in one second?
5. What is the magnetic flux with a 50V induced voltage and cut across a
coil of 120 turns per second?
6. What is the magnetic flux with a current of 4A and 30 resistance and cut
across a coil of 280 turns per second? (5pts)