Professional Documents
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Basic Concepts
Objectives
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1.1 Basic Concepts
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1.1 Basic Concepts
Examples of Sets
Empty set …}
Ø (a set with no
Note: N and W are infinite sets. The three
elements)
dots, called an ellipsis, mean “continue on in
the pattern that has been established.”
Caution:
Ø is the empty set; {Ø} is the set with one element, Ø.
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1.1 Basic Concepts
Set-Builder Notation
{x | x has property P }
the set of all elements x such that x has a given property P
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1.1 Basic Concepts
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1.1 Basic Concepts
a) { 0, 1, 2, 3 } can be described as
{m | m is one of the first four whole
numbers}.
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1.1 Basic Concepts
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
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1.1 Basic Concepts
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
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1.1 Basic Concepts
Rational Numbers
p Rational
p and q are integers, q 0 . numbers
q
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1.1 Basic Concepts
Rational Numbers
2 4
0.66666... 0.66 or 0.363636... 0.36
3 11
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1.1 Basic Concepts
Irrational Numbers
3 1.7320508...
11 3.316624...
3.141592...
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1.1 Basic Concepts
Irrational
Numbers
11 3 p
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Rational
Numbers
3 0.36
2
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1.1 Basic Concepts
Real Numbers
Rational numbers
4 5 Irrational numbers
, - , 0.6, 1.75
9 8
8, 15, ,
Integers 4
11, 6, 4
Whole numbers
0
Natural
numbers
1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 27, 45
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1.1 Basic Concepts
Irrational numbers
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1.1 Basic Concepts
Sets of Numbers
Natural numbers or {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, … }
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1.1 Basic Concepts
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1.1 Basic Concepts
Additive Inverse
Additive Inverse
For any real number a, the number –a is the additive inverse of a.
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
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1.1 Basic Concepts
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1.1 Basic Concepts
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1.1 Basic Concepts
Absolute Value
Geometrically, the absolute value of a
number,
a, written |a| is the distance on the number
line
Distance is 4, Distance is 4,
from 0 to a.
so |–4| = 4. so |4| = 4.
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
a if a is positive or zero
a
a if a is negative
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1.1 Basic Concepts
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1.1 Basic Concepts
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
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1.1 Basic Concepts
Inequality Symbols
Symbol Meaning Example
is not equal to –6 10
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