Jens Martensson

Insert or Drag and D

ro p your Image

Jens Martensson 2
Insert or Drag and D
ro p your Image

Jens Martensson 3
A man received a 2% discount
Insert or Drag and D
ro p your Image

for paying his bill on time. If the

discount amounts to P160, how
much was the original bill?

Jens Martensson 4
At the end of this chapter,
you are expected to:
a.differentiate ratio and rate,
b.Identify the different kinds of proportion,
c.solve real-life problems involving direct,
inverse and partitive proportions.

Jens Martensson
 u n ch
La
Ratio and Proportion

W3 –W4
LARGE IMAGE SLIDE
-comparison of two RATIO
numbers or quantities
using DIVISION
a/b or
a:b or
a to b
Jens Martensson 7
Jens Martensson
Let us say your class is composed of 15
boys and 45 girls. The ratio of boys to
girls can be written as:

15/45
15:45
15 to 45
Jens Martensson 9
How to express the ratio of 10 days to 2 weeks in
lowest term?
10 days and 2 weeks
10/14
10:14
10 to 14
Jens Martensson
10
Ash and Pikachu are partners in the arena and they have
decided to become business partners. They have agreed
that Ash will invest P250,000, while Pikachu will invest
P400,000. The profit from this business venture will be
divided based on the ratio of their investments. What is
the ratio of their investments which will be used later as
basis in the distribution of profit.

11
Jens Martensson
Ratio of Ash’s investment to
Pikachu’s investment is . . .

250,000 / 400,000
250,000:400,000
250,000 to 400,000 Jens Martensson 12
250,000/400,000
/50,000

= 5/8
= 5:8
= 5 to 8
Jens Martensson
YOUR TIME !
GET YOUR
BOARD AND
START
COUNTING
FROM 1 TO 5
Jens Martensson
In DCNHS SHS, there are 775 students and
25 teachers.
What is the ratio of the number of students
to the number of teachers? What is the ratio
of the number of teachers to the number of
students.

Jens Martensson
1. 775: 25
2. 25: 775
Jens Martensson
Del Rosario works 12 days in a
month while Pacunla works 3 weeks
in a month. What is the ratio of the
number of days that Del Rosario
works as compared with the number
of days that Pacunla works.

Jens Martensson
12days/3 weeks
12 days/21days
4:7
Jens Martensson
 Write its lowest term?
45:81

45:81
Jens Martensson
4. A young entrepreneur sells two products. A and B.
The selling per unit for product A is P120 and P54
for product B. Based on the sales record, there were
2000 and 5000 units sold for product A and B,
respectively. The entrepreneur wanted to compare the
sales of her two products. What is the ratio of the
sales of Product A to the sales of Product B?

Jens Martensson
Sales? 240000 (A)
Sales? 270000 (B)

240,000/270000 = 24/27 = 8/9

Jens Martensson
LARGE IMAGE SLIDE
RATE
-a ratio that compares
different kinds of units
- Special ratio of two
numbers with different
units of measurement.
Jens Martensson 22
Km per hour Price per
kilogram
Words per
minute
Jens Martensson
Jens Martensson
 A CAR TRAVELLED A DISTANCE OF 150 KM IN 3
HOURS. FIND THE UNIT RATE COMPARING DISTANCE
TRAVELLED BY THE CAR TO THE TIME IT TAKES TO
COVER THE DISTANCE.
150 KM/3 HOURS = 50 KM/1 HOUR

THUS, THE UNIT RATE IS 50 KM PER HOUR. THIS

MEANS THAT THE RATE OR SPEED OF THE CAR IS 50
KM PER HOUR OR 50 KPH.

Jens Martensson
THE COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
HAS 35 FACULTY MEMBERS THAT HANDLE 1260
STUDENTS. WHAT IS THE UNIT RATE OR THE
NUMBER OF STUDENTS PER FACULTY MEMBER?

1260/35 = 36/1
*THEREFORE THE UNIT RATE IS 36 STUDENTS PER
FACULTY MEMBER.

Jens Martensson
Unlike rates that indicate comparison of quantities
with different units, you cannot compare your life with
others because you know little about where they are
coming from. You know little about the factors
surrounding their lives. Avoid comparing yourself with
other people.

Jens Martensson
YOUR TIME !
GET YOUR
BOARD

Jens Martensson
VIDEO SLIDE
If 12 prints of pictures cost
Php 360, what is the unit cost
of a print of pictures?

30 per print
Jens Martensson
 YourSLIDE
VIDEO company delivery truck driver drove
a distance of 600 km in 10 hr. You wanted
to determine if he could be charged of
overspeeding if he drives along EDSA or
commonwealth Avenue at this speed. What
is his driving speed in km per hour?

Jens Martensson
VIDEO SLIDE

600 km / 10 hr. =

60 km / hr.
Jens Martensson
 YouSLIDE
VIDEO need paper plates for the event you are
organizing. So, you went shopping and
found several options with the following
prices:
Brand A = P49.50 per pack (100 pcs)
B = P24.00 per pack (50 pcs)
C = P12.25 per pack (25 pcs)
D = P11.50 per pack (24 pcs)
Jens Martensson
Assuming
VIDEO SLIDE all these brands have the

same quality and have all the

requirements that you need for a
paper plate, which brand is the best
buy if you need 2000 pieces?

Jens Martensson
Brand A = 49.50 / 100 = 0.495
Brand B = 24/50 = 0.48
Brand C = 12.25/25 = 0.49
Brand D = 11.50/ 24 = 0.479

Brand D paper plates

Jens Martensson
 PROPORTION
LARGE IMAGE SLIDE

-a statement that two

ratios are equal.
-in symbol:
a:b = c:d
Jens Martensson 35
 A/B=C/D

EXTREME
Jens Martensson 36
A/B=C/D

MEANS Jens Martensson 37

FUNDAMENTAL LAW
OF
PROPORTION

Jens Martensson 38
In any proportion, the product of the means
is equal to the product of the extremes. In
symbol, this is expressed as:
a:b = c:d or a/b = c/d;
then, ad = bc

Jens Martensson 39
Determine whether 3:5 = 21:75 is a true
proportion or not.
3:5 = 21:75
(3)(75) = (5)(21)
225 ≠ 105

Jens Martensson 40
Find the missing term in the proportion
8:32 = n:20.
8:32 = n:20
32n = (8)(20)
32n = 160
n=160/32
n=5

Jens Martensson 41
YOUR TIME !
GET YOUR
BOARD

Jens Martensson
Determine whether 21:28 =
9:12 is a true proportion or not.
252 = 252
The proportion is true.

Jens Martensson 43
Find the missing term in
the proportion 6/15 =
2.4/n.
n= 6
Jens Martensson 44
Find the missing term in
the proportion 20/n =
45/9.
n= 4
Jens Martensson
Find the missing term in
the proportion 2:8 = 3:n

n= 12 Jens Martensson
LARGE IMAGE SLIDE
TYPES OF
PRPORTION
a. Direct Proportion
b. Inverse / Indirect
Proportion
c. Partitive Proportion
Jens Martensson 47
 Direct Proportion
LARGE IMAGE SLIDE

- Two quantities are related in each

other.
- An increase or decrease in one
quantity will produce the same
kind of change in the other
quantity.
Jens Martensson 48
 If twelve gallons of gasoline cost Php
540, how much will 15 gallons of
gasoline cost?
Step 1 – Identify the given information and what is asked in the
problem.
Step 2 – Form the equation that describes the proportion.
Step 3 – Substitute the given values in the equation and solve the
unknown.

Jens Martensson 49
 Step 1:
X1/Y1 = X2/Y2
AG – Amount of Gasoline and
CG - Cost of Gasoline
Step 2:
Insert or Drag and Drop your Image

AG/CG = AG/CG
Step 3:
12/540 = 15/CG
CG = 675
Jens Martensson 50
The previous year’s financial statements reflect that
your business had net sales of Php 2 million and a
gross profit of Php 0.5 million. Based on your
analysis of these financial statements, your business
will continue to thrive and you have projected your
Insert or Drag and Drop your Image

net sales at Php2.5 million. What is then your

projected gross profit?

Jens Martensson 51
= 2 : 0.5 = 2.5 : Gross Profit
= 2 GP = 0.5(2.5)
= 2 GP / 2 = 1.25 / 2
Insert or Drag and Drop your Image

= 0.625 Gross Profit

Jens Martensson 52
 YOUR TIME !
GET YOUR
Insert or Drag and Drop your Image

BOARD

Jens Martensson 53
ADP Garments produces 100 units of children
dresses a day with its current workforce of 25
sewers. The owner has projected an increase in
the demand of their children dresses. She
planned to hire additional 5 sewers. How many
children dresses will ADP Garments produce
with the addition of 5 sewers?

Jens Martensson 54
UNITS / SEWERS = UNITS/ SEWERS
UNITS:SEWERS = UNITS:SEWERS
100:25 = UNITS:5
100:25 = UNITS:5+25
Insert or Drag and Drop your Image

100 X 30 = 25 UNITS
3000/25 = 25 UNITS/25
120 = UNITS
Jens Martensson 55
A film processor can develop 100
negatives in 5 minutes. How many
minutes will it take to develop 1200
Insert or Drag and Drop your Image

negatives?

60 MINUTES
Jens Martensson 56
A film processor can develop 100
negatives in 5 minutes. How many
minutes will it take to develop 1200
Insert or Drag and Drop your Image

negatives?

60 MINUTES
Jens Martensson 57
If a faucet drips at the rate of 3
drops every 5 seconds, how many
drops will be accumulated in one
Insert or Drag and Drop your Image

minute?

36 drops
Jens Martensson 58
LARGE IMAGE SLIDE
Inverse / Indirect Proportion
- Two quantities are opposite, an
increase or decrease in one
quantity will produce an opposite
change in the other quantity.

Jens Martensson 59
A contractor has a job which should be completed in 80
days. If he fails to finish the job on time, he has to pay
PHP 2000 for each day of delay for liquidated damages.
At present, he has 60 men on the job and it is estimated
that they will finish it in 100 days. How many more men
should the contractor add so he can complete the job on
time and avoid paying penalty charges?

Jens Martensson
 x1 / x2 = 60/60+x = 80/100
y2 /y1 60:60+x = 80:100
X1 = 60 men 60 (100) = 60+x(80)
Y1 = 100 days 6000 = 4800 + 80x
X2 = 60 + x
6000 – 4800 = 80x
Y2 = 80 days 1200 = 80x
15 = x Jens Martensson 61
 Based on the inventory, the relief
goods in the evacuation center can still feed 50
families for 7 days. How long would the relief
goods last if there were additional 10 families
who were rescued and brought to the
evacuation center?

Jens Martensson
 x1 / x2 =
y2 /y1 50/60 = x/7
X1 = 50 families 50:60 = x:7
Y1 = 7 days
50(7) = 60x
X2 = 60 families 350 = 60x
Y2 = x 5 5/6 = x
Jens Martensson 63
 If 35 men can reap a field in
8 days; in how many days
can 20 men reap the same
field?
 20 men can reap the field in 14
days.

Jens Martensson
 x1 / x2 =
y2 /y1 50/60 = x/7
X1 = 30 minutes 50:60 = x:7
Y1 = 2 men
50(7) = 60x
X2 = x 350 = 60x
Y2 = 8 men 5 5/6 = x
Jens Martensson 65
 YOUR TIME !
GET YOUR
Insert or Drag and Drop your Image

BOARD

Jens Martensson 66
3 painters complete painting
a house in 12 hours. How
many hours will 6 workers
take?
6 hours
Jens Martensson 67
Twelve faucets share an equal flow
rate and each faucet can fill a tank
in 40 minutes. If two faucets are
not working, how long will it take
for the remaining faucets to fill the
same tank?
48 minutes
Jens Martensson
A military base had supplies for
300 soldiers for 90 days. After
20 days, 50 soldiers left the
base. How long will the food
last?
84 days
Jens Martensson
LARGE IMAGE SLIDE
Partitive Proportion
- where the given total is
partitioned or divided into
equal or unequal parts
depending on the given ratios.

Jens Martensson 70
Jacky divided the amount
of P120 000 between her
two daughters, in the ratio
5:7. How much did each
one of them receive?

Jens Martensson 71
1. Ratio - 5:7
5+7 = 12

2. Php 120,000 ÷ 12 = 10,000

3. 10,000 x 5 = Php 50,000 (1 daughter)

st

4. 10, 000 x 7 = Php 70,000 (2nd daughter)

Jens Martensson
Kent, Liza and Amara are business
partners. They agreed to divide their
profits in the ratio of 1:2:3. How much
should each receive if the total profit is
₱12,000.00?
a. 1 x 2,000 = 2,000
b. 2 x 2,000 = 4,000
c. 3 x 2,000 = 6,000
Jens Martensson 73
 YOUR TIME !
GET YOUR
Insert or Drag and Drop your Image

BOARD

Jens Martensson 74
 The wedding coordinator allocated the
revenue of the wedding among the make-up
artist, stage designer, and stylists in a ratio of 4
is to 2 is to 2. If the total revenue for the event
was ₱150,000.00 how much will the designer
receive? a. 4 x 18,750 = 75,000
b. 2 x 18,750 = 37,500
c. 2 x 18,750 = 37,500
Jens Martensson 75
 There are 42 fruits in a basket
consisting of oranges, papayas and
avocados. The ratio of papayas to oranges
to avocados is 4:2:1. How many papayas
are there in the basket?
a. No. of papayas: 4 x 6 = 24
b. No. of oranges : 2 x 6 = 12
c. No. of avocados : 1 x 6 = 6
Jens Martensson 76
Be sure to have equal
proportion of everything in
your life. Have a balanced
life.

Jens Martensson
At the end of this chapter,
you are expected to:
a.differentiate ratio and rate,
b.Identify the different kinds of proportion,
c.solve real-life problems involving direct,
inverse and partitive proportions.

Jens Martensson
Jens Martensson
ASSESSMENT

Jens Martensson
Part I. Solve the following problems and identify the type of proportion
used.

1. Jessa buys three bananas for PHP25.50. How

much does she have to pay for a dozen of these
bananas?

2. A typist can finish 4 pages in 6 minutes. How

long will it take him to finish 18 pages?

Jens Martensson
3. A menu which serves 5 people requires 3 cups of flour. How many
cups of flour are needed for the menu to serve 20 people?

4. To finish a certain job in 8 days, 6 workers are needed. If it is

required to finish the same job in 2 days advance, how many workers
have to work?

5. A military base has enough food to feed 80 soldiers for 60 days.

Calculate how many days the meal will last if 20 soldiers join the
base after 15 days?

Jens Martensson
Part II. Multiple Choice. Choose the letter that corresponds the correct answer.

1. The exchange rate of peso to a dollar in 2019 is ₱ 51.00. How much do you
get for $ 7.5?
A. ₱ 7.25 B. ₱ 51.35 C. ₱ 220.05 D. ₱ 382.50

2. A baker uses 2,500 grams of flour to make 4 loaves of sliced bread. How
many grams of flour is needed to make 5 loaves of bread?
B. 20 grams B. 100 grams C. 3,125 grams D. 2,500 grams

3. It takes 4 seamstresses to sew a gown for 6 hours. How long will it take for 7
seamstresses to do a gown if they work together?
C. 1 3/7 B. 2 3/7 C. 3 3/7 D. 4 3/7

Jens Martensson
4. Last summer of 2021, Alana, Sian, and Bruce sold kites in
the ratio of 2:3:4. Together, they sold 36 kites. How many
kites did each man sell?
A. 8,12,16 B. 12,16,8 C. 16,12,18 D. 12,8,16

5. Mr. Mendez donated ₱60,000 for an upcoming school

event. Filipino club, Social Studies Club and the English club
will share the amount in the ratio of 4:3:3. How much will
English Club receive?
A. ₱6,000 B. ₱12,000 C. ₱18,000 D. ₱24,000
Jens Martensson
ANSWER KEY

Jens Martensson 85
Jens Martensson 86
5. 36 days
inverse

Jens Martensson
WEEK 3 – 4 ACTIVITY

Jens Martensson
Jens Martensson