CARL JASON D.

PADINAS
Presenter
 English in America
The steps in the spread of English across the globe are the
following;
the first successful settlement at Chesapeake Bay, named
Jamestown and Virginia by the colonists who settled there.
the second settlement followed with the arrival of a group of
Puritans on the Mayflower, establishing a colony in Plymouth,
Massachusetts.
Noah Webster (1758–1843)- deliberated an attempt to set
American English apart from its colonial ancestor encoded in
his An American Dictionary of the English Language (1828).
Not all of Webster’s proposed changes caught on; reformed
spellings such as determin ‘determine’, ile ‘isle’, soop ‘soup’, and
fashon ‘fashion’ were a step too far.
 English in Canada
The spread of English to Canada was the consequence of
colonies established by New Englanders in the 18th
century, principally constituted of those who remained
loyal to Britain following the American Declaration of
Independence in 1776.
At the same time, settlers arrived from England, Scotland,
and Ireland, adding further dialects to the mixture.
In terms of pronunciation, Canadians tend to sound like
Americans to most people from outside North America.
Canadian English does not follow American English in all
such cases.
English in Australia and New Zealand
The same process of dialect mixing that triggered a distinctive
American variety lies behind the Englishes spoken in
Australia and New Zealand.
British convicts who were deported to Australia in the late
18th and 19th centuries were frequently of Cockney and Irish
extraction, so that these dialects have a particular importance
for the formation of the distinctive Australian accent.
The first settlers in New Zealand arrived in the 1790s,
although official colonies were not established until 1840.
The influx of English speakers triggered a dramatic decline in
the indigenous Maori language, which had been spoken by
the Polynesian peoples who had settled the islands during the
first millennium.
 Models

Kachru’s Model of Global Englishes

 English in South Asia
The origins of South Asian English lie in Britain; the
English language was established in India, Singapore,
Malaysia, and Hong Kong as they were incorporated
within the British Empire.
22 million people speak English as a second language in
Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, and Sri Lanka.
English is used in Hong Kong, Singapore, and Malaysia
as the medium for the education, legal, and
administrative systems, though it is not accorded any
form of official status. English enjoys a more central role
in Singapore than in Malaysia, where Malay is dominant,
or in Hong Kong, where Chinese has primary status.
 Mixed varieties: Singlish
The interaction between English and these
Asian varieties has led to considerable language
mixing.
Distinctive features of Singlish include;
tend to drop articles
plural inflexions
verb endings
and even the verb to be.
 Pidgins and Creoles
Pidgins
In linguistics, pidgin English is a neutral term that refers to
a simplified version of English spoken by people for whom
English is not their native language.
An English pidgin acts as a kind of lingua franca, used for
specific and restricted purposes, such as carrying out
international trade and business.
Creoles
a French word meaning ‘indigenous’.
usually starts as a pidgin and becomes a children’s language
native language.
THANK

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