Input

Apakah Input?
 Data atau arahan dimasukkan ke dalam
memory komputer
 Peralatan Input ialah mana-mana komponen
perkakasan yang digunakan untuk
memasukkan data atau arahan ke dalam
komputer
 What Is Input?
Dua jenis input
 Data
 Teks, nombor, imej,
audio dan video yang
belum diproses
 Instructions (arahan)
 Programs
 Commands
 User responses

p. 234 Next
Keyboard and Pointing Devices
keyboard
 Peralatan Input yang
mempunyai kekunci
yang boleh ditekan
untuk memasukkan
data ke kompuer
 Mempunyai kekunci huruf,
nombor dan fungsi

 Boleh jadi cordless atau

built-in (Laptops,
PDAs, Mobile Phones…)
 Keyboard
 Banyak program membenarkan anda menggunakan
kombinasi keyboard untuk menjalankan sesuatu
arahan.
MICROSOFT WORD KEY COMBINATION EQUIVALENTS

Key Menu |
Command Combination Command Button

Copy Shift+F2 or Edit | Copy

Ctrl+C

Open Ctrl+F12 File | Open

Paste Ctrl+V Edit | Paste

p. 236 Next
Keyboard and Pointing Devices -
Mouse

mouse buttons
wheel
button
 Mechanical mouse
mempunyai bebola getah
atau logam didalam
ball
bekasnya

mouse pad
Keyboard and Pointing Devices
optical mouse
 Tiada bahan yang boleh
gerak didalamya
 Menggunakan cahaya
untuk mengesan
pergerakan
 Lebih kecil dari
mechanical mouse
 Lebih mahal dari
mechanical mouse
Keyboard and Pointing Devices
trackball?

 Alat penunjuk yang

mempunyai bebola di
atasnya
 Untuk gerakkan pointer,
gerakkan bebola
menggunakan jari.
 Pointing Devices
Operasi mouse

tunjuk

Double- Right-
Click
click click

Drag

p. 237 Next
Keyboard and Pointing Devices
touchpad

 Touchpad adalah alat

penunjuk yang kecil, rata,
berbentuk segiempat tepat
dan sensitif kepada
sentuhan
Other Pointing Devices - Game
Controllers

joystick dan wheel?

Other Pointing Devices – Control
Pad
 audio player yang membolehkan pengguna
scroll music, adjust volume
Other Pointing Devices – Game
Pad
 Gamepad alat penunjuk yang
mengawal pergerakan dan aksi
pemain atau objek dalam sesuatu
game (dates back to ~ 1983)

 Emerging Gamepads are now

in all sizes and shapes, such as
“Guitar Hero I & II, Nintendo
Wii’s Nunchuk and Remote,
“Xavix Tennis” racket,
“Donkey Konga” bongos, and
PS2 Eye Toy Camera
Keyboard and Pointing Devices

touch screen
 Kawasan skrin yang
berfungsi apabila
disentuh

stylus
 Seperti ballpoint pen,
tetapi digunakan secara
tekanan untuk menulis
teks dan melukis garisan
Other Input Devices – Voice
Input
 Memasukkan data dengan bercakap melalui microphone

 Voice recognition atau speech recognition adalah

keupayaan komputer untuk membezakan perkataan yang

diucapkan
 Voice Input
bagaimana voice recognition bekerja?
Step 1. Pengguna bercakap menggunakan Step 2. analog-to-digital converter (ADC)
mikrofon. menterjemahkan bunyi kepada digital.

100101110101101011000
01101

Step 4. software menyenaraikan sebutan yang hampir Step 3. Software

yang ada di database membandingkan input dengan data
yang telah ada di database

Natural Language Engine

Matches

p. 246 Next
Other Input Devices – Audio
Input
 Memasukkan bunyi ke dalam - speech,
music, dan sound effects
Other Input Devices – Smart
Phone

 Pengguna boleh memasukkan dan menghantar

pesanan teks, grafik, gambar, video clips,
fail bunyi, dan melayari internet.
Tablet PC

 Mobile computer yang

menggunakan perisian
yang boleh membaca
tulisan tangan
 Peralatan input utama
adalah pressure-
sensitive digital pen
Other Input Devices – Digital
Camera

 Membolehkan mengambil gambar secara

digital

 Imej terus dapat

dilihat di skrin
kamera,
 Download ke
komputer
 Hantar ke Web
 Digital Cameras
bagaimana digital camera bekerja? Step 3. CCD menjana isyarat
Step 1. pilih gambar yang ingin Step 2. Image difokus kepada analog yang mewakili imej tadi
diambil chip dipanggil charge-coupled
device (CCD).
Step 4. Isayarat analog ditukar
kepada digital oleh analog-to-
digital converter (ADC).

Step 5. Digital signal processor

(DSP) membetulkan imej dan
simpan imej dalam media storan
dalan kamera

Step 6. Imej dipindahkan ke

Step 7. Dengan
komputer dengan menggunakan kabel.
menggunakan software
imej boleh ubahsuai
dan dicetak

p. 251 Fig. 5-25 Next

 Digital Cameras
What is resolution?
 Sharpness and clarity of image
 The higher the resolution, the better the image
quality, but the more expensive the camera
 Pixel (picture element)
is single point in
electronic image
 Greater the number of
pixels, the better the
image quality

p. 252 Fig. 5-26 Next

 Video Input
What is video input?
 Process of entering full-motion images
into computer
 Video capture card is
adapter card that converts
analog video signal into
digital signal that
computer can use
 Digital video (DV)
camera records video as
digital signals

p. 253 Fig. 5-27 Next

 Video Input
What are a PC video camera and a Web cam?
 PC video camera — DV camera used to capture video
c c

and still images, and to make

video telephone calls on Internet
 Also called PC camera
 Web cam — video camera
c c

whose output displays on

a Web page

     AT ISSUE 5­4              
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 5, Click

                                            
Web Link
from left navigation,
then click PC Video

              (pp 254)
Cameras below
p. 2535Fig. 5-28
Chapter Next
 Video Input
What is video conferencing?
 Two or more geographically separated people
who use network or Internet to transmit
audio and video data
 Whiteboard is
another window on
screen that can
display notes and
drawings
simultaneously on
all participants’
screens

p. 254 Fig. 5-29 Next

 Scanners and Reading Devices
Flatbed

What is a scanner?
 Light-sensing device that
reads printed text and Pen or
graphics Handheld

 Used for image processing,

converting paper documents
Sheet-fed
into electronic images

Drum

Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 5, Click
Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Scanners
below Chapter 5
p. 255 Fig. 5-30 Next
 Scanners and Reading Devices
How does a flatbed
scanner work?
Step 1. Document to be scanned is
placed face down on the glass window.
Step 2. Bright light moves
underneath
scanned document.
Step 3. Image of the document is

reflected into a series of mirrors.

Step 4. Light is
converted to analog
electrical current that
is converted to
digital signal by an
analog-to-digital
Step 6. Users can print image,
converter (ADC).
e-mail it, include it in a document,
or place it on a Web page.
Step 5. Digital information is sent
to memory in the computer to be used
by illustration, desktop publishing, or
other software; or it is stored on disk.
p. 256 Fig. 5-31 Next
 Scanners and Reading Devices
What is an optical reader?
 Device that uses light source to read characters, marks,
and codes and then converts them into digital data
 Optical character recognition
(OCR) reads characters in
OCR font
 Optical mark recognition
(OMR) reads hand-drawn pencil
marks, such as small circles

p. 257 Fig. 5-32 Next

 Scanners and Reading Devices
What is a turnaround document?
 Document that you
return to the company
that sent it
 Portion you return has
information printed in
OCR characters

p. 257 Fig. 5-33 Next

 Scanners and Reading Devices
What is a bar code reader?
 Uses laser beams to read bar codes

     AT ISSUE 5­5              
                                            
p. 258 Fig. 5-34 Next
 Scanners and Reading Devices
What is a bar code?
 Identification code that consists of a set of vertical
lines and spaces of different widths
 Universal Product
Code (UPC)

p. 258 Fig. 5-35 Next

 Other Input Devices
What is an RFID reader?
 Reads information on
the tag via radio waves
 Can be handheld
devices or mounted in a
stationary object

     LOOKING AHEAD 5­1  
                                                
                            (pp 259)
p. 259 Fig. 5-36 Next
 Other Input Devices
What is a magnetic stripe card reader?
 Reads the magnetic
stripe on the back of a
credit card
 Exposure to a magnetic
field can erase the
contents of a card’s
magnetic stripe

p. 260 Fig. 5-37 Next

 Scanners and Reading Devices
What is a magnetic-ink character recognition
(MICR) reader?
 Can read text printed with magnetized ink
 Banking industry almost exclusively uses MICR
for check processing

p. 260 Fig. 5-38 Next

 Scanners and Reading Devices
What is a data collection device?
 Obtains data directly at location where transaction
or event takes place
 Transmits data over
network
or Internet

p. 261 Fig. 5-39 Next

 Terminals
What is a point of sale (POS) terminal?
 Records purchases,
processes credit or
debit cards, and
updates inventory
 Swipe credit or debit
card through card
reader
 Reads customer’s
personal data from
magnetic strip

p. 261 Fig. 5-40 Next

 Terminals
What is an automated teller machine (ATM)?
 Self-service banking
machine that connects to a
host computer through a
network

p. 262 Fig. 5-41 Next

 Biometric Input
What is biometrics?
 Authenticates person’s identity
by verifying personal
characteristic
 Fingerprint scanner captures
curves and indentations of
fingerprint
 Hand geometry system measures
shape and size of person’s hand

Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 5, Click
Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Biometric
Input
p. 262
below Fig. 5-42
Chapter 5 Next
and 5-43
 Biometric Input
What are examples of biometric technology?
 Voice verification system compares live
speech with stored voice pattern
 Signature verification system recognizes
shape of signature
 Iris recognition system reads
patterns in blood vessels in back
of eye
 Biometric data is sometimes stored
on smart card, which stores
personal data on microprocessor
     LOOKING AHEAD 5­2          
embedded in card
p. 263 Figs. 5-44
—5-45                                                         
Next
 Putting It All Together
What are recommended input devices for home users?

 Enhanced keyboard or ergonomic keyboard
 Mouse
 Stylus for PDA or smart phone
 Joystick or wheel
 30­bit 600 × 1200 ppi color scanner
 2­megapixel digital camera
Home  Headset that includes a microphone
 PC video camera

p. 265 Fig. 5-46 Next

 Putting It All Together
What are recommended input devices for
small office/home office users (SOHO)?

 Enhanced keyboard or ergonomic keyboard
 Mouse
 Stylus and portable keyboard for PDA or smart phone,  
or digital pen for Tablet PC
 36­bit 600 × 1200 ppi color scanner
 2­megapixel digital camera
Small Office/  Headset that includes a microphone
Home Office (SOHO)  PC video camera

p. 265 Fig. 5-46 Next

 Putting It All Together
What are recommended input devices for mobile users?

 Wireless mouse for notebook computer
 Trackball, touchpad, or pointing stick on notebook computer
 Stylus and portable keyboard for PDA or smart phone, or digital 
pen for Tablet PC
 2­ or 3­megapixel digital camera
 Headset that includes a microphone
Mobile  Fingerprint scanner for notebook computer

p. 265 Fig. 5-46 Next

 Putting It All Together
What are recommended input devices for power users?

 Enhanced keyboard or ergonomic keyboard
 Mouse
 Stylus and portable keyboard for PDA or smart phone
 Pen for graphics tablet
 48­bit 1200 × 1200 ppi color scanner
 5­ or 6­megapixel digital camera
Power  Headset that includes a microphone
 PC video camera

p. 265 Fig. 5-46 Next

 Putting It All Together
What are recommended input devices for large
business users?

 Enhanced keyboard or ergonomic keyboard
 Mouse
 Stylus and portable keyboard for PDA or smart phone, or digital 
pen for Tablet PC
 Touch screen
 Light pen
Large Business  42­bit 1200 × 1200 ppi color scanner
 OCR/OMR readers, bar code readers, MICR reader, or data 
collection devices
 Microphone
 Video camera for video conferences
 Fingerprint scanner or other biometric device

p. 265 Fig. 5-46 Next

 Input Devices for Physically Challenged
Users

What input devices are available

for those with physical limitations?
 Keyguard allows users to rest
hands on keyboard without
accidentally pressing keys
 Head-mounted pointer
controls pointer on screen
 New developments include
gesture recognition and
computerized implant devices

p. 266 Figs. 5-47 Next

 Summary of Input

Keyboard, mouse, and other

pointing devices
Scanners and reading devices
Voice input

Terminals
Input devices for PDAs, smart phones,
and Tablet PCs
Biometric input
Digital cameras
Input devices for physically
challenged users
Video Input

   Douglas Engelbart