FDS

L
E Computer Operating
C
T Systems
U
R
E Fundamentals of Digital Skills
Polytechnic Foundation Program
6a 2022/23
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Objectives of this Lecture

At the end of this lecture, you will get to know more about:
 What an operating system is
 Types of operating systems
 Applications in the OS

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Recall last lesson

 Hardware galore that runs a computer

 CPU
 Main Memory
 Secondary Storage
 Input / Output Devices
 Motherboard and Buses

 This lesson …. moving on to software that runs a computer

and helps one do work
 Operating system
 Applications
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Activity 1: Let’s watch this

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What is an operating system

 Most important software that runs on a computer.

 Allows you to communicate with the computer without
knowing how to speak the computer's language.

https://edu.gcfglobal.org/en/computerbasics/understanding-operating-systems/1/

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What is an operating system - Overview

 Manages all hardware and software
 Application software/program usually requires an operating
system to function
 There are many different computer programs running at the same time,
and they all need to access your computer's CPU, memory, and
secondary storage
 The operating system coordinates all of this to make sure each program
gets what it needs.

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What is an operating system?

 Runs applications
(like word processors, calculators, and so on) You
and enables you to interact with them.
 Creates and maintains the user
interface
that you see onscreen, such as the icons you
click and the dialog boxes you see.
 Controls and manages the file storage
system,
so you can save and open data files in your
applications and manage the files that run your OS = “connector”
applications. between applications
and hardware
 Communicates with the hardware,
giving it instructions to accomplish the tasks you request, such as printing
your work.
https://www.dummies.com/computers/operating-systems/what-is-an-operating-system/

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Main functions of an operating system

 Memory management
 Allocates memory (RAM) space for loading programs
Program A
Part 1
RAM
CPU As and Part 2
Program A – Part 1 when a part
Part 3
Program A – Part 2 of a
Part 4
Cache Program B – Part 1 program is
needed, Part 5
Program B – Part 2
the CPU
Program B – Part 3 will load Program B
Program C – Part 3 them into
Part 1
Program D – Part 5 the ram.
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
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Main functions of an operating system

 Memory management
 Allocates memory (RAM) space for loading programs
 Process management
 Schedules programs for execution by CPU (note: a program
in execution is a process)
 Device management
 Keeps track of all the computer’s input and output devices
 File system management
 Manages files on storage devices
 Security management
 Manages user accounts and passwords

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Types of operating system

 Proprietary vs Non-proprietary

 Popular multitasking OS for laptops/desktops:

 Microsoft Windows (proprietary)
 Apple Mac OS X (proprietary)
 Linux (non-proprietary)

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_operating_systems

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Operating systems GUI

 Graphical user interface

 Easy for user to manage the OS

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Mobile operating systems

 Used by smartphones, tablets

 Mobile OS combines features of a personal computer OS
with other features useful for mobile or handheld use
 usually includes: touchscreen, cellular, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi,
near field communication, GPS mobile navigation, camera,
video camera, speech recognition, voice recorder and
music player.

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Mobile OS GUI

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Current mobile OS examples

 Google Android
 Apple iOS

 Mobile OS which are no longer popular:

 Microsoft Windows Mobile OS
 Research-in-Motion Blackberry OS
 Nokia Symbian

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Let’s understand more about applications

Watch
this video

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Understanding Applications

 Multiple names are used:

 program,
 software program,
 software application,
 application, application program,
 app, etc.
 Basically, it’s a software program that does a specific task
 Can be deployed both on laptops or mobile devices
 We use the OS to run the application

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Applications
 How are applications activated?
 User wants to use an application e.g., Microsoft Word
 OS is the interface for the user
 User click on application icon to “activate” the application
 The OS functions will help to run the application

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Reference

 https://edu.gcfglobal.org/en/computerbasics/understanding
-operating-systems/1/
 https://edu.gcfglobal.org/en/computerbasics/understanding
-applications/1/
 https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=understanding+ope
rating+systems&&view=detail&mid=2C2963A8B1C6CEE9
7CDC2C2963A8B1C6CEE97CDC&&FORM=VRDGAR&ru
=%2Fvideos%2Fsearch%3Fq%3Dunderstanding%2Boper
ating%2Bsystems%26FORM%3DHDRSC4

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