Mechanics of Materials

Dr. Ramesh B T
Assistant Professor
Dept of Robotics and Automation
SIT- Pune
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Course Outcomes:
The student will be able to:
CO1. Understand and apply knowledge of stresses & strains to various
materials in engineering.
CO2. Develop an ability to resolve the forces applied on the system and able
to draw Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagram.
CO3. Identify the intensity of bending stress and shear stress induced in
various section of beam, Identify the slope and deflection of determinate
beams and determine the radius of curvature and flexural rigidity.
CO4. Examine the intensity of torsional stress when the solid or hollow shaft
is subjected to torsional moment, Understand and apply knowledge of
principal stress, principal strain and Theories of Failure.

Module:1
Stress and Strain:
Introduction, Hooke’s law, Calculation of stresses in straight, Stepped and
tapered sections, Composite sections, Stresses due to temperature change,
Shear stress and strain, Lateral strain and Poisson’s ratio, Generalized
Hooke’s law, Bulk modulus, Relationship between elastic constants.
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 • History of the MOM
• Classification of Engineering Materials

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 • Choice of Selection of Engineering Materials
• Physical Properties of Materials
 Colour
 Size
 Density
 Shape
     

• Mechanical Properties
 Load (F or P)
 Elasticity
 Plasticity
 Strength  Ductility  Brittleness
 Hardness
 Stiffness
 Creep
 Resilience
 Malleability  Toughness

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 STRESS

Applied Load or Force (F or P)

Stress σ =
Cross−sectional Area (A)

Types of Stresses

• Normal Stress
 
 Tensile Stress

 Compressive Stress
 
• Shear Stress
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 STRAIN
change in dimensions of the body
Strain (ε) =
the original dimensions

Types of Strain
1) Linear Strain

a) Tensile Strain
b) Compressive Strain

2) Lateral Strain

3) Shear Strain

4) Volumetric Strain= δv/V

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 the value of Poisson’s ratio lies in the range, 0 to
0.5.

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 Hook’s Law
It states that “When a material is loaded within its elastic limit,
stress is directly proportional to the strain”

E = A constant of proportionality
known as Modulus of Elasticity E
σ = Stress & ε = Strain

Hook’s law holds good for tension as well as compression.

Modulus of Elasticity or Young’s Modulus (E)

Modulus of Elasticity or Young’s Modulus (E) is the
constant of proportionality and is defined as the
ratio of linear stress to linear strain within elastic
limit. UnitB T,isSIT-
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 Stress – Strain Relation or Diagram for Ductile
Material (Mild Steel or Low carbon steel)

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 Stress – Strain Relation or
Diagram for Brittle Material

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 Extension or shortening of a Bar

Hooke’s law

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 Bars with C/S varying in steps

Bars subjected to varying loads

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Elongation of tapering bars of circular cross section

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Elongation of tapering bars of rectangular cross section

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 Problems

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 Compound or composite bars
A composite bar can be made of two bars of different materials rigidly
fixed together so that both bars strain together under external load.

Let the extension of composite bar of length L be δL. Let ES and EH be the modulus of
elasticity of solid bar and hollow tube respectively. Let S and H be the stresses
developed in the solid bar and hollow tube respectively.

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 Temperature stresses in a single bar

The coefficient of linear expansion of the bar α

The temperature is raised ΔT (°C)

diameter d

length L

 Free thermal expansion in the bar = α ΔT L.

 Since the supports are rigid, the final length of the bar does
not change. The fixed ends exert compressive force on the bar
so as to cause shortening of the bar by α ΔT L.
 Hence the compressive strain in the bar = α ΔT L / L = α ΔT
 Compressive stress = α ΔT E
 Hence the thermal stresses introduced in the bar = α ΔT E

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 Simple Shear stress and Shear Strain

negative

positive shear stress

The shear stress is also called

Tangential stress.

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Volumetric strain the ratio of change in volume to the original volume

Bulk Modulus the ratio of the normal stresses (p) to the volumetric
strain ( v) and denoted by ‘K’

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 Relation between elastic constants

1 Relation between E and G

2 Relation between E and K

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 3 Relation between E, G and K
 K is the Bulk modulus
 G is shear modulus or modulus of rigidity.
 E is Young’s modulus or modulus of Elasticity.

Young modulus can be expressed using

Bulk modulus and Poisson’s ratio as

Similarly, Young’s modulus can also be

expressed using rigidity modulus and
Poisson’s ratio as

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 Further Reading
 
TEXT BOOKS:
 
James M Gere, Barry J Goodno, Strength of Materials, Indian Edition,
Cengage Learning, 2009.
 
R S Khurmi, Strength of Materials

 
REFERENCE BOOKS:
 
S S Rattan, Strength of Materials, Second Edition, McGraw Hill, 2011.
 
S S Bhavikatti, Strength of Materials

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