Art of Emerging

Europe
(chapter 5)
ART OF EMERGING
EUROPE
🠶Art has been an integral part in European history.

ANCIENT GREECE
🠶 The Greeks were known to excel in various field and
aspects and society.
🠶The Greeks were known to place prime importance in the use
of reason.
 Art Integral part in European history

ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS:

GREEKS ROMANS

• All the way to the modern times art has been use to communicate
ideologist and belief systems prevalent within there context
Greek and Romans Civilizations where also known as Classical
World because both cultures aimed to embody, the highest
possible standard of quality in all aspects of their societies.
 They Valued Art Involved Man
The center
•Painting of society
Poetry •Sculpture and how
they trained
•Architecture their minds
Drama *one is required to
could be the
have certain skill very
sets and body of foundation
Philosophy knowledge of how they
lived their
Political Ideals lives.
The framework for Nature
the democratic
Greeks were
form of notably passionate
government in about natural
modern times. phenomenon and
believed that

A NC I E NT GRE EC E nature should be in

perfect order.
 The development of Greek Art can be
divided into four period:

1. Geometric Period – it was a period when

geometric shapes and pattern have taken the
spotlight in the most of the artworks.
2. Archaic Period – placed importance in human
figures.
 The development of Greek Art can be divided into
four period:
3. Classical Period – it was during this time when
the Greeks found themselves rebuilding their
temples and focusing on creating artworks.

4. Hellenistic Period – the time of Alexander the

Great
 Geometric Period
Period Archaic Period
•Time when Greece starting to •The period placed
get back from the onslaught of importance on human figure.
what seemed to be their Dark •This was primarily a
Ages •A period when result of Greece’s
geometric shapes trading activities with
and patterns have other civilizations
taken spotlight in
most of the Kore,
artworks. by Aristion
(550-540 BC)

The peak of
Greek sculpture
and architecture
The time when the
Greeks found themselves
rebuilding their temples
and focusing creating
artworks
Time of Alexander
the Great
Art was primarily
focused on showcasing
emotions and depicting
reality

Classical Period Hellenistic Period

🠶 Hellenistic sculptures started
to emphasize balance while
showcasing dynamic poses and a
number of emotions evoked by
the subjects. One of the famous
Hellenistic sculpture is the
“Lacoon and His Sons.”
🠶 BY: Agesander of Rhodes, Athenodoros of
Rhodes, and Polydorus of Rhodes
 Laocoon, a Trojan priest, and
his sons being strangled by “Laocoon and
serpents. Their position was a his sons”
result of locoon’s because he
felt that the wooden horse
offered by the Greeks as a gift
to Athena was a trick.

Poseidon, the Greek God of the

sea was enlarged by such
action which led him to send
serpents to strangle Laocoon
and his sons.
 ANCIENT ROME
🠶 The Roman Republic was established
around 500 BCE. This civilization
eventually transformed into one of
Western Europe’s mightiest empires.
Since they had expanded and covered
many territories, they interacted with
neighboring civilizations, particularly
with the Greeks.
🠶 It can be said that Roman civilization
came of age during the Hellenistic Period.
🠶 Ancient Greece had a huge impact in the
formation of Roman culture.

COLLESEUM
 Fusion Greek and
ROMAN ARTWORKS MASTER
Roman cultures can be •Look Stem, harsh, BUILDERS
seen in most Roman and strong
•Colosseum
artworks •Invoke the principles
of realism
•Highlighting the
HELLENISTIC features of
PERIOD human being
•Roman civilization Emperor Vespasian
came from this age •Amphitheater was planned
and constructed during his
reign
500 BCE Platus and
•The Roman Terence
Republic was •Writers of comedy
have patterned
established their works to
•Western Europe’s
mightiest empire
ANCIENT ROME those of Greek
works
 Just like the
Greeks, the
romans valued
their gods and
this was evident
with their
sculptures and
artworks

Perseus and Medusa

MIDDLE AGES 🠶 As the term denotes, it is the period
between the decline of the Roman
Empire and the Renaissance. It was a
period that is characterized by ignorance
and darkness.
🠶 The printing press came later after the
Middle Ages, so copies of the scriptures
were done by hand.
🠶 During this time, great cathedrals were
also built. These cathedrals can be
categorized into two periods:
Johannes Gutenberg
Products are copied from Scriptures were done by hand
Christian scripture

Great cathedrals were also

CHURCH built.
was the central Inspired
figure and by the old
Roman
authority of the empire
period.
Characterized ROMANESQUE
by ignorance 1050-1200
and darkness
Period between
Roman empire and
the Renaissance

GOTHIC
MIDDLE AGES
1200-1500
Northern flavor from the
Goths—vulgar and
barbarian
Category of Cathedrals into two periods:
Romanesque Period(1050-1200), inspired by the old Roman empire

Maria Laach Abbey, Germany The vault at the Abbey Church of Saint

Foy, Conques, France
Category of Cathedrals into two periods:
Gothic Period (1200-1500), which had a more northern flavor
from the Goths-vulgar and barbarian.

Rose window and facade of Chartres Cathedral Bourges Cathedral with flying buttresses
(1194-1220) (1195-1230)
RENAISSANCE ART
🠶 During this period, artist valued the “individual” as a subject of arts. The
influence of humanism shifted the focus of some artworks during the
Renaissance Period to empower the “individual.”
🠶 Most artwork emphasized naturalism, which was also an influence of
humanism since there was a great emphasis on the proportionality of the
human body.
🠶 Naturalism is a philosophical viewpoint according to which everything
arises from natural properties and causes, and supernatural or spiritual
explanations are excluded or discounted.
🠶 During the Renaissance
Period, there was also a
revival of Roman
theatrical plays.

🠶 Roman mosaic
depicting actors and an
aulos player
(House of the Tragic
Poet, Pompeii)
🠶 During the
Renaissance Period,
there was also a
revival of Roman
theatrical plays.

Mosaic of theatrical
mask
RENAISSANCE PERIOD
MANNERISM

🠶 Mannerism was a period in art

history, which was a product of
the Renaissance Period.
🠶 Most artworks during this period
displayed distorted figures, two-
dimensional spaces, discordant
hues and colors, and lack of
defined focal point.

Mannerism: Bronzino (1503–1572)

 RENAISSANCE
PERIOD

MANNERISM
Madonna with the Long Neck
(1534–40)

By:
Francesco Mazzola or, more
commonly, as Parmigianino
 During the Renaissance
•artistwould observe
nature and try their best
to emulate it based on
their observations
a product of the
Renaissance Period As the Renaissance
ended

• artiststarted directly
distorted figures two
dimensional spaces,
discordant hues and
colors, and lack of defined
MANNERISM focal point
 The Vision of Saint
Madonna with Spring John, or The
the Long Neck By Giuseppe Opening of the Fifth
By Parmigianino Arcimboldo Seal
By El Greco
 Most artworks remained religious
Perspective of Depth
in its focus and themes
•this techniques
provided a three-
dimensional Revival of Roman theatricals
perspective plays
• performed during
NATURALISM special occasions at the
•a great emphasis on the courts of Italian
proportionality of the princess
human body • done in such a way that
Humanism shifted showcased grand and lavish
to empower the entertainment for the audience
“individual
Artists valued the Aside from the song and dance
“individual” as a numbers, they interested in
elaborate have greatly influenced
subject of arts
Rena is sa n ce A r t their tradition of popular theater.
• The Birth of Venus by • The Kiss of Judas by
Sandro Botticelli Giotto di Bondone
 • Mona Lisa by Leonardo Da Vinci
• The School of Athens by Raphael
BAROQUE AND THE ROCOCO PERIOD
🠶 The term “baroque” is derived from the Portuguese term barocco which is translated as “irregularly shaped
pearl.” Which according to some historians was a response to Protestantism. This period roughly spanned
from 1600 to 1750.
🠶 Most artists used colorful palettes and ornamentation in their works.
🠶 Expansion was the central theme of this period, which became very much evident in the artworks produced
during this time.

BAROQUE ROCOCO
 ITALY Motion and
ARTISTS
•strengthened not space
•a lot of artists have developed styles only their religion but •use of dramatic lighting
and techniques different from their also other aspects and the concept of time
Renaissance predecessors like politics and art
•used colorful palettes and •EXPANSION MUSIC
ornamentation in their works was the central • serve as powerful tool to
theme of this period communicate messages
• able to clearly distinguish
BAROQUE PERIOD loud from soft and solo from
•a response to ensemble
Protestantism COMPOSERS
• 1600 to 1750
• Vivaldi, Corelli, and Monteverdi
BAROCCO •Bach and Handel
•Portuguese term •limited only to power institutions
•”irregularly like the church and individuals like
shaped pearl”
th e Roc oc o the Patrons

Baroque and •middle class and

the masses
BAROQUE AND THE ROCOCO PERIOD
🠶 Aside from art, MUSIC also flourished during the Baroque Period.
🠶 Since the birthplace of this period was in Rome, it did not come as a surprise that most composers
come from Italy.

Antonio VIVALDI Arcangelo CORELLI Caludio MONTEVERDI

BAROQUE AND THE ROCOCO PERIOD
🠶 Eventually, the influence of Baroque spread outside Italy and reached other parts of
Europe. Other well-known Baroque composers include Germany’s Bach and Handel.

Johann Sebastian BACH George Friderick HANDEL

 VIVALDI CORELLI MONTEVERDI
• Le quattro stagioni • Christmas Concerto • Vespro della Beata
(The Four Seasons) Vergine
 BACH HANDEL
• Saint Matthew’s • Messiah, HWV 56
Passion BWV 244.
 NEOCLASSICISM

🠶 There seems to be a debate among

historians as to the beginnings of
modern art. There are accounts that
would attribute for the emergence of
this kind of art during the French
Revolution in 1789.
🠶 Neoclassicism was a movement in
Europe that transpired during the late
eighteenth and early nineteenth
centuries.
🠶 Anton Raphael Mengs, Judgement of
Paris, c. 1757, bought by Catherine the
Great from the studio
 •It was the dominant
NEOCLASSICISM art movement that time
PERIOD which basically aimed
to revive and rekindle
• a movement in the influences of Greek
Europe that and Roman into art and
Beginning of transpired during architecture
Modern Art Debate the late18th and
Ancient Greeks and
• French Revolution early 19th
centuries Europeans
in 1789
• placed emphasis on human reason
• 1863,when there and keeping society in order
was an emergence • This movement was a reaction to
of modern painting the artworks produced during the
exhibitions Baroque Period
• There was a call to veer
from such extravagance in
terms of style and form of
NE OC L ASSI CI SM the Baroque Period
 ROMANTICISM

🠶 Romanticism, as an art movement, used

the central themes of Neoclassicist
artworks as a springboard.
🠶 During the Age of Revolutions, there has
been a tremendous focus on patriotic and
nationalistic movements.
🠶 The major and central themes of
Romanticism movement include the
emphasis on the goodness of mankind.
Artists also emphasized emotions and
feelings of man, which was a deviation
from the humanist principle of rationalism.

🠶 Eugène Delacroix, Death of Sardanapalus, 1827, taking its

Orientalist subject from a play by Lord Byron
 ROMANTICISMS Age of Revolutions
• there has been a tremendous
• highlighted focus on patriotic and
heroic elements nationalistic movements
French Revolution
into their work
• One of the major revolutions in
history
• revolutionary movements
As an Art Movement became the focal point of Major THEME
most Romantic works
• goodness of mankind
• used the central
themes of Neoclassicist
artworks as a - justice, equality, and
springboard social order
- EMPHASIZES, emotions
and feelings of man
ROM AN TI CI SM
 Sonata B minor
By Gleb Ivanov

Heroic Nudes
By Théodore Géricault
 REALISM
🠶 Realism as style of work focuses on
the accuracy of details that depicts
and somehow mirrors reality.
🠶 Realism as modern movement in art
veered away from traditional forms
of art. In a way, it revolutionized
themes and techniques in paintings.
🠶 Idealistic concepts and images were
replaced by real manifestations of
society.

Ilya Repin, Barge Haulers on the Volga,

1870–73
 • as modern movement
influenced by
Hellenistic Greek REALISM in art veered away from
traditional forms of art
culture since most
• it revolutionized themes
artworks during period
and techniques in paintings
placed emphasis on the
• Since artists worked within the context of
human body
revolutions and social changes, artistic
works began to depict real-life events
focuses on the Idealistic concepts
accuracy of details and images
that depicts and • replaced by real manifestations
of society
somehow mirrors
reality • modern world
were suitable for
subjects of art
REALISM
 • Part of a "trilogy" of paintings
celebrating France's rural denizens, The
Gleaners serves as something of a
feminine pendant to Courbet's The Stone
Breakers (1849-50). Gleaning was
perhaps the lowest form of work for
women in French society, a practice
wherein female peasants were allowed
to comb the fields after the harvest,
"gleaning" bits of grain that were left
GLEANERS behind to take home for food; hours of
Jean-François Millet hunched-over labor would often be
rewarded with a small amount of meal.
Millet certainly meant for the painting to
call attention to the plight of the rural
poor.
(Impression, Sunrise),1872
IMPRESSIONISM
🠶The impressionism movement started
in France, which led to a break from
the tradition in European painting.
Impressionism is a style of painting
that emerged in the mid-to late 1800s.
🠶The Father of impressionism is Claude
Monet

Claude Monet, Impression

 IMPRESSIONISM Impressionist Artists
• incorporated scientific
• a style of painting
principles to achieve a more
that emerged in the
distinct representation of color
mid-to late 1800s
The distinctive characteristics
of this style is that it allows
the artist to emphasize is
FRANCE communicated by the artist
through his work and can be
which led to a break seen through the brushstrokes,
from the tradition in distinction of colors, and the
European painting lights and shadows used by
the artist.

IM PR ESSI ON I SM
CLAUDE MONET

• The Water Lily Pond

POST-IMPRESSIONISM
🠶 It is an art movement that emerged in France, which is a result of both the influence and
rejection of impressionist but later on saw the inherent limitations and flaws of
impressionism.
🠶 Father of post impressionism is Paul Cezanne
Some of the famous post-impressionism artists:

PAUL CEZANNE GEORGES SEURAT PAUL GAGUGIN VINCENT VAN GOGH

 POST-IMPRESSIONISM
Starry Night by Vincent Van Gogh

Reproduction by Paul Cezanne

 Led to development of
individual style that gave
emphasis to defining from
with the use of broken
colors and short stroke
FRANCE
a result of both the
influence and
rejection of
impressionist but later
on saw the inherent
limitations and flaws
of impressionism
Post-Impressionism
Artists
•Paul Cezanne,
Georges Seurat, Paul
Gauguin, and Vincent
van Gogh
*Most of the works of
the said painters
became the
framework of the
contemporary
techniques and trends
during the twentieth
century
MP RES SI O N ISM
POST-I
PAUL CEZANNE GEORGES SEURAT PAUL GAUGUIN VINCENT VAN GOGH

Where Do We
Starry Night Came From? What
A Sunday on Laare we? Where
Van-Gogh Selfare
A Basket
GrandeofJatte
AppleWe Going?
Portrait
NEO-IMPRESSIONISM
🠶 As an art movement, neo-impressionism is considered as a response to a empirical realism of impressionism.
🠶 The leading figure in neo-impressionism was Georges Seurat who recorded optical sensation on a more scientific manner.
His color theories paved the way for the technique called pointillism.
🠶 Pointillism is a technique of painting in which small, distinct dots of color are applied in patterns to form an image.
Other neo-impressionist artists:

Henri-Edmond Cross Maximilien Luce Camille Pissarro

NEO-IMPRESSIONISM

Georges Seurat (1859–1891) Henri-Edmond Cross' 'Mediterranean Shores'

“A Sunday on La Grande Jatte” (1895)
 PAINTERS
• rely on a systematic and
scientific techniques that
have a predetermined
visual effects not only on
the art work itself but also
how the audience perceive
the art
As an Art Movement
• considered as a
response to empirical
realism of
impressionism
NEO-IM
Georges Seurat
• recorded optical sensation
on a more scientific manner
•technique called
pointillism POINTILLISM
• utilizes discrete
dots and ashes of
pure color
• believed to blend with
viewer’s perspective
PR E SSIO NI SM
ART NOUVEAU
🠶 This ornamental style of art was a
break from the conservative
historicism, which was the
prevailing and dominant theme of
most Western artworks.
🠶 In most works, the defining
characteristic of Art Nouveau is the
asymmetrical line that usually is in
the form of insect wings or flower
stalks.
“Redhead Among Flowers”
by Alphonse Mucha
 This ornamental style of
art was a break from the
Conservative
historicism, which was
the prevailing and
dominant theme of most
Western artworks
Europe and the
United States
• Between 1890 and
1910
• witnessed the
emergence and
flourishing of a new
art style
ART NOUVEAU
uses long and organic lines that are
concretely manifested in
architecture, jewelry, and glass
design, among others
Characteristics
• asymmetrical line that usually is
in the form of insect wings or
flower stalks
• line is done in such a graceful
and elegant manner that
somehow evokes a certain power
to it
FAUVISM

🠶This is a style of painting that

emerged in France around the
turn of the twentieth century.

Henri Matisse. Woman with a Hat, 1905

 This is done to produce a sense of
What makes fauvists explosion of colors in the canvas
revolutionary?
difference lies with how the fauves have this
• they used pure and strong and expressive reaction to how they
vibrant colors by portray their subjects
applying straight
from the paint tubes FAUVIST
directly to the
canvas. • most of their works
reject the conservative
and traditional renderings
FRANCE of three-dimensional space

• around the turn of • they introduces and

the twentieth century promoted a picture
space that is defined
FAUVISM by the movement of
color
 CUBISM
🠶 French artists Pablo Picasso and Georges
Braque introduced a new visual arts called
Cubism. This style would later on have a huge
influence on artists during the twentieth
century.
🠶 Cubists highlighted the two-dimensional
surface of the picture plane.
🠶 Cubists emphasize that they are not in any way
obliged to copy texture, form, color, and space.
They presented a new depiction of reality that
may appear fragmented objects for viewers.

Pablo Picasso, 1910, Girl with a Mandolin

 CUBIST
• highlighted the two-dimensional surface
of the picture plane
have a huge influence on
• Focusing on flat surface was a rejection of
artists during twentieth the dominant techniques like the use of
century perspective, foreshortening, and prevailing
notion that art should imitate nature
• emphasized that they
are not in any way
Pablo Picasso and obliged to copy texture,
Georges Braque form, color, and space
• Between 1907 and • They presented a new
1914 depiction of reality that
may appear fragmented
• introduced CUBISM
objects for viewers
CUBISM
 FUTURISM
🠶 It is an early twentieth century art
movement that started in Italy, which
highlighted the speed, energy, dynamism,
and power of machines. In addition,
common themes for works in this
movement are restlessness and the past-
space of modern life.
🠶 The greatest impact of futurism is
evident in poetry and visual arts.
🠶 Italian poet and editor Filippon
Tommaso Marinette coined the term
“futurism.”
Severini, Gino (1883-1966) - 1912
Dynamic Hieroglyphic of the Bal Tabarin
 the movement’s influence
branched out not only in
Europe but also in Russia

Greatest Impact of Futurism

THEME
• restlessness and the
past-space of modern life
ITALY
• early twentieth century
• highlighted the speed,
energy, dynamism, and
power of machines
FUTURISM
• poetry and visual arts
Filippon Tommaso
Marinette
• coined the term “futurism” to
reflect his purpose of disregarding
the traditional methods of art in
the past.
• believes that art should
embrace and embody
change
• Innovation, creativity, and
originality.
Reflecting on the Art in Ancient Civilization and Greek Art

🞂After the discussion about the

development of Greek Art, and the art in
ancient civilization what are your
thoughts?
🞂Does their art of expressing their thoughts
and emotions make sense? Is it logical?
REQUIRED OUTPUT: M5
Provide a short and concise answer with some
relevant examples for clarification. Answer each
question in full sentences. Copying and pasting your
answers directly from any sources or material without
correct citation is NOT allowed and will automatically
consider your answers to be wrong.

Exhibit academic integrity and intellectual honesty in

your work.
REQUIRED OUTPUT: M5
1. Explain the difference between the Geometric Period, Archaic
Period, Classical Period, and Hellenistic Period as the four period
of development of Greek Art. Expound your answer.

2. Using your own words, explain or elaborate the following terms:

a. Naturalism d. Romanticism
b. Mannerism e. Realism
c. Neoclassicism f. Impressionism

3. Enumerate the difference between post impressionism and

neo-impressionism as an art movement that emerged in France.
REQUIRED OUTPUT: M5
4. What are the relevance, importance and usefulness of art of
emerging Europe and the Renaissance Period for you as a future
educator?

5. Compare and contrast the following new style of visual arts:

a. FAUVISM
b. CUBISM
c. FUTURISM
The End