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Magnetic circuits

1
Example 1
A ferromagnetic core with mean path length is 40 cm. The CSA of the core is 12
cm2, the relative permeability of the core is 4000, and the coil of wire on the core
has 400 turns. Find:(a) The reluctance of the flux path,(b) The current required to
produce a flux density of 0.5 T in the core
Example 2: For the series magnetic circuit shown
a. Find the value of I required to develop a magnetic flux of = 4 10-4 Wb.
b. Determine µ and µr for the material under these conditions

a. The flux density

Using the B-H curves, we can determine the magnetizing force H:

Applying Ampère’s circuital law yields

b.

The permeability of the material

Example 3: For the series magnetic circuit
shown
Determine the current I required to establish the indicated flux in the core.
For sheet steel path
= 4 + 4 + 4 = 12 in
= 12 2.54/100
= 0.3048 m
For sheet steel path
= 0.5 + 4 + 0.5 = 5 in
= 5 2.54/100
= 0.127 m
 1 in2 = 2.54 2.54 = 6.452 10-4
 The flux density

Determining H for each term

The magnetizing force
H ( sheet steel, Fig. 19 ) = 70 At/m
H ( cast iron, Fig.19 ) = 1600 At/m
Example 4: For the series magnetic circuit shown
Determine the current I required to establish the indicated flux in the core.
 The flux density

The magnetizing force

= 0.5 / 4π 10-7 = 3.98 10-5 At/m

Determining H for each term

The mmf drops are

Applying Ampère’s circuital law,

Example 5: For the series parallel magnetic
circuit shown
Determine the current I required to establish the indicated flux in section cd

Flux density in section cd

From b-H curve

Applying Ampère’s circuital law at loop 2

From b-H curve
From b-H curve

Apply Ampere circuital around loop bcdeb

 Magnetically Coupled Circuits

When current i flows through the coil of N

turns, a magnetic flux is produced
around it . According to Faraday’s law, the
voltage induced in the coil is proportional
to the number of turns N and the time rate
of change of the magnetic flux
.

Consider two coils with self-

inductances L1 and L2 that are in
close proximity with each other.
Coil 1 has N1 turns, while coil 2
has N2 turns. Assume that the
second inductor carries no current.
The magnetic flux
emanating from coil 1 has two
components: one component
links only coil 1, and another
component links both
coils

Although the two coils are physically separated, they

are said to be magnetically coupled. Since the entire
flux links coil 1, the voltage induced in coil 1 is
 Only flux links coil 2, so the voltage induced in coil 2 is

M21 is known as the mutual inductance of coil 2 with respect

to coil 1. Subscript 21 indicates that the inductance M21
relates the voltage induced in coil 2 to the current in coil 1.
Thus, the open-circuit mutual voltage (or induced voltage)
across coil 2 is
Example: Calculate the phasor currents I1 and I2 in the circuit