UNIT 2: DIET AND NUTRITION

UNIT 2 . DIET AND NUTRITION

FOOD AND NUTRIENTS

1.
 NUTRITIONAL NEEDS
 DIETS
 FOOD CONSUMPTION
 FOOD-RELATED ILLNESSES
NUTRIENTS
1. FOOD AND NUTRIENTS

Nutrients are biomolecules that make up our

bodies and are called the proximate principles.
They are classified between:

Carbohydrates, lipids and proteins ………….Organic nutrients

Water and mineral salts ………………………Inorganic nutrients
SUGARS

 Sugars: Provide the body with energy

– Simple sugars:
 Monosaccharides
 Disaccharides
– Complex sugars:
 Starch
 Cellulose
CARBOHYDRATES

 One simple carbohydrate example: Glucose

Disaccharides carbohydrates

 Sucrose
Complex carbohydrates

 Cellulose
Complex carbohydrate

 Starch (almidón)
LIPIDS

They store energy and they are insoluble

biomolecules
 Fats:
– Saturated fats: Animal fats
– Unsaturated fats: From vegetables. Oils.
 Membrane lipids
 Regulatory lipids: some vitamins and
hormones.
 One example: Oleic acid
PROTEINS
MINERALS

 Inorganic substances that have different

functions in our body
– Structural: Calcium in bones
– Regulation: Magnesium ions regulate over 300
biochemical reactions in the body through their
role as enzyme co-factors. 
OSMOSIS
WATER

 63% of our body mass

 It acts as a solvent for most of the other
nutrients.
 It acts as a carrier for substances
 It regulates temperature
 It´s healthy to consume 2.5 litres a day
WATER STRUCTURE
Nutrients
VITAMINS

 They have different chemical composition

– Fat soluble vitamins: A, D, E and K
– Hydrosoluble vitamins: B and C
Vitamin How it helps Deficiency Food choices Fat /Water
soluable

E
Vitamin How it helps Deficiency Food choices Fat /Water soluable

K Prevent bleeding, healthy Uncontrolled Kale, Brussel Fat soluable

bones bleeding sprouts, Olive oil

A Vision, skin, bone growth, Dry eyes, night Apricots, Squash, Fat soluable
inmune system blinded Pumpkin, Dairy,
Liver

D Overall health, Rickets, skeletal Eggs, canned fish, Fat Soluable

bones and teeth, disorders juice
infection, heart
and lungs
B Cell metabolism Muscle weakness, Cereal, flour, eggs Water Soluable
loss of appetite

C Protect cells from Scurvy, Citrus fruit, Water Soluable

damage, makes nosebleeds, lack potatoes,
collagen, immune of energy juice
system
E Protect cells from Nerve damage, Nuts, seeds, cereal Fat Soluable
damage, immunity, muscle damage
healthy skin and
eyes
FOOD
 3. NUTRITIONAL NEEDS
We need food to obtain nutriets and to satisfy a range
of needs, including providing energy, as well as
structural, functional, and regulatory needs.

STRUCTURAL NEEDS : for building and repairing

biological structures. Ex. PROTEINS, also lipids and
salts.
ENERGY NEEDS: energy nutrients (carbohydrates
and fats), and if there is a lack of nutrients, we can
obtain energy from proteins, due to cell respiration.
FUNCTIONAL AND REGULATORY NEEDS: vitamins
and minerals.
ENERGY PRODUCING FOODS
BODY BUILDING FOODS
BODY REGULATING FOODS
THE FOOD WHEEL
Types of diet
 Diet: combination of food and water
consumed each day by a person.

What types of diet do you know?

- Mediterranean
- Atlantic
- Other diets
 Mediterranean diet

 Mediterranean countries.
 Mainly based in plant sources.
Atlantic diet

 Countries bordering the Atlantic Ocean.

 Similar to mediterranean diet.
 Includes large amounts of fish and shellfish.
Other diets
Vegetarian diet

 Food derived from plants.

 Fibre, plant-based fats and complex
carbohydrates (such as starch).
 It should contain body-building foods
(such as milk and eggs).
Varieties:
 Veganism
 Raw veganism
http://time.com/4447463/italy-vegan-parents-law/
Soft diet
High-
calorie diet
Low-
calorie
diet
But… What about drinks?