HORTICULTURAL/CROP FARM

MECHANISATION
(HOT443/CPT436)
BY
 
Muhammad Muhammad Makki, Ph.D
School of Engineering/Technology
BUPOLY, Jigawa State, Nigeria
mmakkielleman@gmail.com
07037718438
 COURSE OBJECTIVES/OUTLINE
GENERAL OBJECTIVES: On completion of the course, the student
should be able to :
1.Know common farm tractors and their operational
characteristics.
2. Understand the features and uses of tillage implements,
planters, fertilizer spreaders, crop sprayers, dusters and
harvesting machineries and equipment.
3. Understand the economics of farm machinery.
4. Understand the principles of crop processing, preservation and
storage.
5. Know the methods of analysis of livestock feeds.
6. Know the nutrient requirements of farm animals.
7. Know the principles and techniques of feed formulation.
8. Know the constructional features and operation of livestock
feed mill equipment.
 COMMON FARM TRACTORS AND THEIR OPERATIONAL
CHARACTERISTICS
A tractor is a powerful motor vehicle used for pulling farm machinery
or an agricultural equipment that carries out an operation on the
farmland.
Agricultural tractor means any power-driven vehicle running on
wheels or tracks, having at least two axles, the principal function of
which lies in its tractive power, which is specially designed to pull,
push, carry or operate certain tools, machines or trailers used in
connection with agricultural operations, and the use of which for
carrying persons or goods by road or drawing, on the road, vehicles
used for the carriage of persons or goods is only a secondary function.

CLASSIFICATION OF FARM TRACTORS

Tractors can be classified into 3 major divisions or classes namely:
1. Classification based on design construction
2. Classification based on Drive
3. Classification based on Usage
Classification based on Construction
1.Wheel tractor: General purpose, row crop,
special purpose
2. Crawler
3. Walking Type / Power tiller

Classification based on Drive

1. Track Type : Full and Half tract
2. Wheel Type: i) Two Wheeler or 2 Wheeled
ii) Three Wheeler or 3 Wheeled and iii) Four
Wheeler types of tractors.

 
Classification based on Usage:
1.Utility Tractors
2.Row Crop Tractor
3.Orchard Type
4.Industrial Tractor
5.Garden Tractor
6.Rotary Tillers
7.Implement Carrier
8.Earth Moving Tractors
OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TRACTORS
Using Pedals
Some modern farm tractors retain a traditional 
manual transmission; increasingly they
havehydraulically-driven powershift transmissions,
which vastly simplify operation. In many modern
tractors, this pedal is replaced with an electrical
switch.
Using Levers and switches
Many functions once controlled with levers have
been replaced with some model of electrical
switch with the rise of indirect computer
controlling of functions in modern tractors.
 SELF/GROUP WORK
1.BRIEFLY EXPLAIN THE OPERATION
OF ALL TRACTORS BASED ON
CLASSIFICATION.
2.ATTACH THE PICTURES/IMAGES OF
ALL FORMS OF TRACTORS.